flaskpython教程
Ⅰ python flask 怎么组织程序
1.初始化
所有的flask程序都必须创建一个程序实例
web服务器使用wsgi接口协议,把接收客户端的请求都转发给这个程序实例来进行处理。这个程序实例就是flask对象
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
#__name__决定程序的根目录,以便以后能找到相对于程序根目录的资源文件位置
2.路由和视图函数
程序实例需要知道接收请求后,需要知道url请求应该运行哪些代码。所以保存了一个url和python函数的映射关系;这个映射关系就叫做路由
flask程序中路由的写法:
2.1#使用app.route装饰器,把修饰的函数注册为路由。例如
@app.route('/')def index(): return "<h1>Hello World</h1>"
#函数的名字不是必须写index的,只是和装饰器关联的时候写的函数名而已
#把index函数注册为程序根路径的处理程序。函数的返回值称为响应,是客户端接收的内容。
像index这样的函数称为试图函数,试图函数返回的响应可以是包含html的简单字符串,也可以是复杂的东西
2.2#可变url部分映射,使用特定的装饰器语法就可以
@app.route('/user/<name>')def user(name): return "<h1>hello %s</h1>"%(name)
装饰器中的<name>指定可变内容为name,name对user(name)函数中的传递参数,这2个部分内容必须一致
调用试图函数时候,flask会自动的将动态部分作为参数传入参数,这个函数中,参数用于生成个人的欢迎信息
#备注:路由中的动态部分默认使用字符串类型,可以使用int,float,path来定义;例如<int:id>;path类型也是字符串,但不把斜线视作分隔符,而将其当做动态片段的一部分
3.启动服务器
调用程序实例app的run方法启动flask集成开发的web服务器
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(debug=True)
debug=True代表的是调试模式,这个flask自带的run方法开启的服务器不适合在生产中使用,此处只用来测试
4.一个完整的Flask程序
啥也不说,先上例子hello.py
Ⅱ 怎么实现python写网页后台实现与数据库交互
1、批处理脚本中,要想与用户实行交互,需要用到命令set 配合/p参数一起使用。
Ⅲ 在python3下怎样用flask-sqlalchemy对mysql数据库操作
这个问题经常难道新手一下,因为大部分教程里(包括经典的《Flask Web开发》一书),告诉了我们如何使用flask-sqlalchemy操作sqlite,但在生产环境(线上网站)上,我们肯定是使用MySQL或其他,而大部分的教程里,又告诉我们flask-sqlalchemy使用MySQL的方式是:
mysql://username:password@server/db
结果我们照葫芦画瓢的来一下,发现压根不行,写好的网站一跟数据库沾边就报错。
Python和MySQL是“两个国家的人”,他们互不相通,因而需要一个中间代理,让双方互通有无,跟翻译一样(这比喻不准确,但足够你明白意思就行)。翻译又有很多选择,不同的翻译各有特色。
题主解决问题选择的翻译是“flask-mysqldb”,其背后的主子是“MySQL-python”。恩,说到这里你应该知道,“flask-xxx”这样的包都是对背后主子进行了适合Flask封装的插件,跟包子皮一样,里面的馅才是重点,“flask-mysqldb”的馅是“MySQL-python”。
而我要推荐的是另一个翻译:PyMySQL,这玩意的好处是可以做异步(“MySQL-python”也可以,个人口味罢了),简而言之,网站访问量大了就需要考虑异步,现在别管这是啥子。这玩意的安装方式是:
pip install PyMySQL
之后,数据库连接由:
mysql://username:password@server/db
改为
mysql+pymysql://username:password@server/db
就可以了。
Ⅳ 如何部署简单python + flask应用
python是一款应用非常广泛的脚本程序语言,谷歌公司的网页就是用python编写。python在生物信息、统计、网页制作、计算等多个领域都体现出了强大的功能。python和其他脚本语言如java、R、Perl 一样,都可以直接在命令行里运行脚本程序。工具/原料
python;CMD命令行;windows操作系统
方法/步骤
1、首先下载安装python,建议安装2.7版本以上,3.0版本以下,由于3.0版本以上不向下兼容,体验较差。
2、打开文本编辑器,推荐editplus,notepad等,将文件保存成 .py格式,editplus和notepad支持识别python语法。
脚本第一行一定要写上 #!usr/bin/python
表示该脚本文件是可执行python脚本
如果python目录不在usr/bin目录下,则替换成当前python执行程序的目录。
3、编写完脚本之后注意调试、可以直接用editplus调试。调试方法可自行网络。脚本写完之后,打开CMD命令行,前提是python 已经被加入到环境变量中,如果没有加入到环境变量,请网络
4、在CMD命令行中,输入 “python” + “空格”,即 ”python “;将已经写好的脚本文件拖拽到当前光标位置,然后敲回车运行即可。
Ⅳ 怎么使用python flask搭建静态服务器
Frozen-Flask freezes aFlaskapplication into a set of static files. The result can be hosted without any server-side software other than a traditional web server.
Note:This project used to be called Flask-Static.
Installation
Install the extension with one of the following commands:
$ easy_install Frozen-Flask
or alternatively if you have pip installed:
$ pip install Frozen-Flask
or you can get thesource code from github.
Context
This documentation assumes that you already have a workingFlaskapplication. You can run it and test it with the development server:
from myapplication import appapp.run(debug=True)
Frozen-Flask is only about deployment: instead of installing Python, a WGSI server and Flask on your server, you can use Frozen-Flask tofreezeyour application and only have static HTML files on your server.
Getting started
Create aFreezerinstance with yourappobject and call itsfreeze()method. Put that in afreeze.pyscript (or call it whatever you like):
from flask_frozen import Freezerfrom myapplication import appfreezer = Freezer(app)if __name__ == '__main__':
freezer.freeze()
This will create abuilddirectory next to your application’, with your application’s content frozen into static files.
Note
Frozen-Flask considers it “owns” its build directory. By default, it willsilently overwritefiles in that directory, andremovethose it did not create.
Theconfigurationallows you to change the destination directory, or control what files are removed if at all.
This build will most likely be partial since Frozen-Flask can only guess so much about your application.
Finding URLs
Frozen-Flask works by simulating requests at the WSGI level and writing the responses to aptly named files. So it needs to find out which URLs exist in your application.
The following URLs can be found automatically:
Static files handled by Flask for your application or any of itsblueprints.
Views with no variable parts in the URL, if they accept theGETmethod.
New in version 0.6:Results of calls toflask.url_for()made by your application in the request for another URL. In other words, if you useurl_for()to create links in your application, these links will be “followed”.
- @app.route('/')def procts_list():
- return render_template('index.html', procts=models.Proct.all())@app.route('/proct_<int:proct_id>/')def proct_details():
- proct = models.Proct.get_or_404(id=proct_id)
- return render_template('proct.html', proct=proct)
- @freezer.register_generatordef proct_details():
- for proct in models.Proct.all():
- yield {'proct_id': proct.id}
- @freezer.register_generatordef proct_details(): # endpoint defaults to the function name
- # `values` dicts
- yield {'proct_id': '1'}
- yield {'proct_id': '2'}@freezer.register_generatordef proct_url_generator(): # Some other function name
- # `(endpoint, values)` tuples
- yield 'proct_details', {'proct_id': '1'}
- yield 'proct_details', {'proct_id': '2'}@freezer.register_generatordef proct_url_generator():
- # URLs as strings
- yield '/proct_1/'
- yield '/proct_2/'@freezer.register_generatordef proct_url_generator():
- # Return a list. (Any iterable type will do.)
- return [
- '/proct_1/',
- # Mixing forms works too.
- ('proct_details', {'proct_id': '2'}),
- ]
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- freezer.run(debug=True)
FREEZER_BASE_URL
Full URL your application is supposed to be installed at. This affects the output offlask.url_for()for absolute URLs (with_external=True) or if your application is not at the root of its domain name. Defaults to'http://localhost/'.
FREEZER_RELATIVE_URLS
If set toTrue, Frozen-Flask will patch the Jinja environment so thaturl_for()returns relative URLs. Defaults toFalse. Python code is not affected unless you userelative_url_for()explicitly. This enables the frozen site to be browsed without a web server (opening the files directly in a browser) but appends a visibleindex.htmlto URLs that would otherwise end with/.
New in version 0.10.
FREEZER_DEFAULT_MIMETYPE
The MIME type that is assumed when it can not be determined from the filename extension. If you’re using the Apache web server, this should match theDefaultTypevalue of Apache’s configuration. Defaults toapplication/octet-stream.
New in version 0.7.
FREEZER_IGNORE_MIMETYPE_WARNINGS
If set toTrue, Frozen-Flask won’t show warnings if the MIME type returned from the server doesn’t match the MIME type derived from the filename extension. Defaults toFalse.
New in version 0.8.
FREEZER_DESTINATION
Path to the directory where to put the generated static site. If relative, interpreted as relative to the application root, next to . Defaults tobuild.
FREEZER_REMOVE_EXTRA_FILES
If set toTrue(the default), Frozen-Flask will remove files in the destination directory that were not built ring the current freeze. This is intended to clean up files generated by a previous call toFreezer.freeze()that are no longer needed. Setting this toFalseis equivalent to settingFREEZER_DESTINATION_IGNOREto['*'].
New in version 0.5.
FREEZER_DESTINATION_IGNORE
A list (defaults empty) offnmatchpatterns. Files or directories in the destination that match any of the patterns are not removed, even ifFREEZER_REMOVE_EXTRA_FILESis true. As in.gitignorefiles, patterns apply to the whole path if they contain a slash/, to each slash-separated part otherwise. For example, this could be set to['.git
This means that if your application has an index page at the URL/(without parameters) and every other page can be found from there by recursively following links built withurl_for(), then Frozen-Flask can discover all URLs automatically and you’re done.
Otherwise, you may need to write URL generators.
URL generators
Let’s say that your application looks like this:
If, for some reason, some procts pages are not linked from another page (or these links are not built byurl_for()), Frozen-Flask will not find them.
To tell Frozen-Flask about them, write an URL generator and put it after creating yourFreezerinstance and before callingfreeze():
Frozen-Flask will find the URL by callingurl_for(endpoint,**values)whereendpointis the name of the generator function andvaluesis each dict yielded by the function.
You can specify a different endpoint by yielding a(endpoint,values)tuple instead of justvalues, or you can by-passurl_forand simply yield URLs as strings.
Also, generator functions do not have to bePython generatorsusingyield, they can be any callable and return any iterable object.
All of these are thus equivalent:
Generating the same URL more than once is okay, Frozen-Flask will build it only once. Having different functions with the same name is generally a bad practice, but still work here as they are only used by their decorators. In practice you will probably have a mole for your views and another one for the freezer and URL generators, so having the same name is not a problem.
Testing URL generators
The idea behind Frozen-Flask is that you canuse Flask directlyto develop and test your application. However, it is also useful to test yourURL generatorsand see that nothing is missing, before deploying to a proction server.
You can open the newly generated static HTML files in a web browser, but links probably won’t work. TheFREEZER_RELATIVE_URLSconfigurationcan fix this, but adds a visibleindex.htmlto the links. Alternatively, use therun()method to start an HTTP server on the build result, so you can check that everything is fine before uploading:
Freezer.run()will freeze your application before serving and when the reloader kicks in. But the reloader only watches Python files, not templates or static files. Because of that, you probably want to useFreezer.run()only for testing the URL generators. For everything else use the usualapp.run().
Flask-Scriptmay come in handy here.
Controlling What Is Followed
Frozen-Flask follows links automatically or with some help from URL generators. If you want to control what gets followed, then URL generators should be used with the Freezer’swith_no_argument_rulesandlog_url_forflags. Disabling these flags will force Frozen-Flask to use URL generators only. The combination of these three elements determines how much Frozen-Flask will follow.
Configuration
Frozen-Flask can be configured using Flask’sconfiguration system. The following configuration values are accepted:
Ⅵ python使用Flask框架获取用户IP地址的方法
主要介绍了python使用Flask框架获取用户IP地址的方法,实例分析了Python使用Flask框架remote_addr获取IP的`技巧,非常具有实用价值,需要的朋友可以参考下。
下面的代码包含了html页面和python代码,非常详细,如果你正使用Flask,也可以学习一下最基本的Flask使用方法。
python代码如下:
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from flask import Flask, render_template, request
# Initialize the Flask application
app = Flask(__name__)
# Default route, print user's IP
@app.route('/')
def index():
ip = request.remote_addr
return render_template('index.html', user_ip=ip)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(
host="0.0.0.0",
port=int("80")
)
html代码如下:
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link href="bootstrap/3.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css"
rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<p class="container">
<p class="header">
<h3 class="text-muted">How To Get The IP Address Of The User</h3>
</p>
<hr/>
<p>
You IP address is: <strong>{{user_ip}}</strong>
<p class="header">
<h3 class="text-muted">Code to retrieve the IP</h3>
</p>
<hr/>
<pre>
from flask import Flask, render_template, request
# Initialize the Flask application
app = Flask(__name__)
# Default route, print user's IP
@app.route('/')
def index():
ip = request.remote_addr
return render_template('index.html', user_ip=ip)
</pre>
</p>
</p>
</body>
</html>
希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。
Ⅶ 如何部署简单python + flask应用
我们先写一个最基本的flask应用:
demo.py
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(**name**)
@app.route('\')
def index():
return 'Hello World.'
if __name__ == __main__:
app.run()
运行这个py文件,打开浏览器访问127.0.0.1:5000就能看到显示Hello World的页面 .
如果让这个flask引用监听来自公网ip的请求,理论上你跑此程序的机器就相当于一个服务器了,然而这个服务器并不完美,所以我们需要nginx和gunicorn来增加它的功能,让它真刀真枪上生产环境的时候能按要求运行。
flask自带的WSGI框架性能很差劲,只能适用于开发环境调试使用。我们用专业一点的gunicorn(还有很多其他优秀的框架)替代flask自带的WSGI框架。
配置完后,通过命令’/usr/local/bin/gunicorn -b127.0.0.1:5000‘启动应用。打开浏览器访问127.0.0.1:5000,同样能够得到返回页面
然而gunicorn也仅仅是一个python的WSGI框架而已,要让它真正处理来自互联网的各类访问功能还是有点欠缺,这时候就需要用到大名鼎鼎的nginx 服务器来替gunicorn遮风挡雨了。
Ubuntu下安装nginx可以用命令
sudo apt-get install nginx
安装后需要进行下配置:
cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
sudo vi test (test为配置名称,可以根据自己项目进行命名)
test文件的配置为:
server {
listen 80; # 监听80端口
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5000; # 代理本机127.0.0.1:5000的服务
}
location /static {
alias /home/ubuntu/myproject/myblog/app/static; # 负载均衡
}
}
cd ..
cd sites-enable
sudo ln -s ../sites-available/lwhile . (创建软链接,别漏掉最后的.)
sudo service nginx reload
sudo service nginx restart
这样nginx的基本配置文件就写好了 接下来我们配置进程管理工具supervisor supervisor可以在后面启动你的python进程,这样很方便
1.cd /etc/supervisor/conf.d
2.sudo vi test.conf (test为文件名)
[program:test]
command = /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -b127.0.0.1:5000 /home/ubuntu/myproject/test.py
3.sudo supervisorctl
4.reload
5.start test
如果一切正常,做完这所有步骤之后,现在公网的ip访问你的主机,就可以打开你的flask应用了
Ⅷ python教程哪里下载
一、Python入门到进阶的 廖雪峰 Python & JS & Git 教程PDF版 链接:Ⅸ 如何在Python Flask框架中运行重复任务
Flask是一个使用Python编写的轻量级Web应用框架,凭借更灵活、轻便、安全且容易上手的特性,成为企业常用的Python框架之一。在完成Web前端、Linux以及MySQL相关的课程之后,专业的杭州Python学习班都会讲解Flask框架知识,以下是整理的相关知识点。
Flask是一个基于Python开发并且依赖jinja2模板和Werkzeug WSGI服务的一个微型框架,对于Werkzeug本质是Socket服务端,其用于接收http请求并对请求进行预处理,然后触发Flask框架。开发人员基于Flask框架提供的功能对请求进行相应的处理,并返回给用户,如果要返回给用户复杂的内容时,需要借助jinja2模板来实现对模板的处理,即:将模板和数据进行渲染,将渲染后的字符串返回给用户浏览器。
默认情况下,Flask不包含数据库抽象层、表单验证,或是其它任何已有多种库可以胜任的功能。然而,Flask支持用扩展来给应用添加这些功能,如同是Flask本身实现的一样。众多的扩展提供了数据库集成、表单验证、上传处理、各种各样的开放认证技术等功能。
Flask框架的特点:
1)Flask自由、灵活,可扩展性强,第三方库的选择面广,开发时可以结合自己最喜欢用的轮子,也能结合最流行最强大的Python库;
2)入门简单,即便没有多少web开发经验,也能很快做出网站;
3)非常适用于小型网站;
4)非常适用于开发Web服务的API;
5)开发大型网站无压力,但代码架构需要自己设计,开发成本取决于开发者的能力和经验。
Flask框架运行解释
1.app = Flask(__name__)
创建Flask对象app,Flask类的构造函数只有一个必须指定的参数,即程序主模块或包的名字。在大多数程序中,Python的__name__变量就是所需要的值。
[email protected]('/')
web浏览器把请求发送给Web服务器,Web服务器再把请求发送给Flask程序实例。程序实例需要知道对每个URL请求运行哪些代码,所以保存了一个URL到Python函数的映射关系。处理URL和函数之间的关系的程序称为路由。在Flask程序中定义路由的最简便方式,是使用程序实例提供的app.route修饰器,把修饰的函数注册为路由。route()装饰器告诉 Flask什么样的URL 能触发我们的函数。这和Java中的注释有异曲同工之妙。修饰器是Python语言的标准特性,可以使用不同的方式修改函数的行为。惯常用法是使用修饰器把函数注册为事件的处理程序。
3.def index():函数
index()函数放在@app.route('/')后面,所以就是把index()函数注册为路由。如果部署程序的服务器域名为http://127.0.0.1:5000/,在浏览器中访问http://127.0.0.1:5000/后,会触发服务器执行index()函数。
[email protected]('/user/')
同@app.route('/'),如果部署程序的服务器域名为http://127.0.0.1:5000/,在浏览器中访问http://127.0.0.1:5000/后,会触发服务器执行下方修饰函数。
5.app.run(debug=True)
程序实例用run方法启动Flask继承Web服务器。
6.if __name__ == '__main__'
当Python解释器,读py文件,它会执行它发现的所有代码。在执行代码之前,它会定义一些变量。例如,如果这个py文件就是主程序,它会设置__name__变量为"__main__"。如果这个py被引入到别的模块,__name__会被设置为该模块的名字。
Ⅹ python3.x怎么安装flask
Windows下Flask安装
1.运行好虚拟环境
2.在虚拟环境下运行pip install flask就可以在想你环境中安装Flask及其依赖了,可以在输入python命令转到python编辑环境,再输入import flask查看是否安装成功。
3.在Scripts同级目录新建一个文件夹,然后里面新建一个hello.py文件,代码内容为:
from flask import Flask
app=Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
return "Hello World"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run() 12345671234567
然后切换到该文件的目录下,运行python hello.py命令就可以了。然后又用网站访问127.0.0.1:5000
4.Ubuntu下Flask安装:
1.安装virtualenv,为每一个pyhton应用都“安装”一个独立的Python环境;
sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv 或 sudo easy_install virtualenv
2.为你的应用创建一个目录:
mkdir myproject
cd myproject1212
3.为应用创建一个单独的开发环境:
virtualenv env //创建一个名为env的目录,这个目录就是一个独立的python环境
. env/bin/activate //激活名为env的环境,注意”.”点后面有关空格;
4.在激活的前提下,安装flask
apt-get install python-flask11
然后写一个最小的基于flask的应用:
cd env
vi hello.py1212
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
return 'Hello World!'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run() 123456789123456789
然后执行:sudo python hello.py
出现提示:
* Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
在浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1:5000/,可以看到Hello World!