编译优化os

⑴ 优化os初始值打开后有什么后果

1，mac固件激活，初始化硬件，加载BootX引导器。
2，BootX加载内核与内核扩展(kext)。
3，内核启动launchd进程。
4，launchd根据 /System/Library/LaunchAgents , /System/Library/LaunchDaemons , /Library/LaunchDaemons, Library/LaunchAgents , ~/Library/LaunchAgents 里的plist配置，启动服务守护进程。

看完了Mac OS X的启动原理，我们不难发觉 /System/Library/LaunchAgents , /System/Library/LaunchDaemons , /Library/LaunchDaemons, Library/LaunchAgents 五个目录下的plist属性文件是优化系统的关

⑵ Mac OS X操作系统是不是多用户 多任务操作系统

mac
os
系统版本最高是9.2，之后出的系统就改为mac
os
x了，到mac
os
x10.7.5之后，又改为os
x
10.8了；
mac
os
x是底层重新编译优化的系统，都是类unix系统，本来程序都不通用的，但是为了延续用老程序，专门开发了个经典系统的转换器，这样老系统的程序就可以用了。

⑶ mac os与mac os x区别与关系

关系：两者都是苹果公司推出的用于苹果电脑的操作系统。

区别如下：

一、代数不同

1、mac os：式MacOS系统的前身，是一套运行于苹果Macintosh系列电脑上的操作系统。

2、mac os x：是mac os系统改名后的操作系统，苹果首款通过Mac App Store提供数字版本下载的Mac操作系统

二、窗口不同

1、mac os：全屏幕窗口是macOS中最为重要的功能。一切应用程序均可以在全屏模式下运行。

2、mac os x：Mac OS X Lion加入了类似iPad的主界面，所有程序程序平铺排列。新增了全屏程序运行界面，Mac电脑的运行界面接近iPad程序。

三、功能不同

1、mac os：类似于iPad的用户界面显示电脑中安装的一切应用，并通过App Store进行管理。用户可滑动鼠标，在多个应用图标界面间切换。

2、mac os x：AirDrop 是 Lion 特有的新功能，用于在多台设备之间分享文件，只要将文件拖动到好友的头像上，就能进行文件传输。Mail 5 拥有全新布局，你在收件箱中查看多封邮件的同时，也能以全高尺寸预览特定的邮件内容。

⑷ 安卓OS系统和普通安卓系统比较有什么区别哪个好一些

一、OriginOS是安卓系统吗？
OriginOS和安卓系统都是基于linux内核研发的操作系统，OriginOS能够兼容所有的安卓软件。

二、OriginOS和安卓有什么区别?

第一，安卓系统适用于手机，而OriginOS对设备兼容性更强，支持智能手机、智能穿戴设备、电脑、电视等设备。
第二，安卓系统经过多年发展，软件生态非常完善，但是OriginOS还谈不上生态。
第三，OriginOS系统对安卓底层优化，自主研发的方舟编译器，内存回收效率远远高于原来的安卓系统。
全新OriginOS可能会设计有Android和Origin两个切换按钮，拥有两种不同风格的桌面，通过此项功能，用户可以实现在Android和OriginOS之间来回切换，就如同平行世界一般。

OriginOS作为全新系统，亮点确实有很多，首先就是在UI设计上，不仅丰富多彩，最重要的是颜色和颜色之间达到了完美的平衡，带来了更好的视觉效果。

⑸ 在不考虑编译器优化等因素下，下面那个运算比较快

下面是在编译器不优化的情况下的代码反汇编后的结果
14: if (a > b)//我们看到，只有3条指令，
0040104D mov edx,dword ptr [ebp-4] //将a放入寄存器EDX
00401050 cmp edx,dword ptr [ebp-8] //比较EDX和b的大小
00401053 jle main+3Ch (0040105c) //如果a<b跳转到0040105c
15: {
16: return 1;
00401055 mov eax,1
0040105A jmp main+4Fh (0040106f)
17: }
18: if (a - b > 0)//我们看到有4条指令
0040105C mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-4]//将a放入EAX
0040105F sub eax,dword ptr [ebp-8]//a-b的差放入EAX
00401062 test eax,eax//比较EAX是否为0
00401064 jle main+4Dh (0040106d)//条件跳转
19: {
20: return 2;
00401066 mov eax,2
0040106B jmp main+4Fh (0040106f)
21: }
所以我认为if (a > b) {....}
效率更高

⑹ 学习编译原理和操作系统对编程能力有什么作用

学习编译原理和操作系统对编程能力对编程能力的作用在于：

1、学好了编译原理，才可能编写出高效，稳健，占用内存少的程序。

2、学习操作系统对windows相关的编程很有帮助。如果是对操作系统关系不大的C/C++/c#，java之类的编程，关系不大。

编译原理是计算机专业的一门重要专业课，旨在介绍编译程序构造的一般原理和基本方法。内容包括语言和文法、词法分析、语法分析、语法制导翻译、中间代码生成、存储管理、代码优化和目标代码生成。 编译原理是计算机专业设置的一门重要的专业课程。虽然只有少数人从事编译方面的工作，但是这门课在理论、技术、方法上都对学生提供了系统而有效的训练，有利于提高软件人员的素质和能力。

操作系统（Operating System，简称OS）是管理和控制计算机硬件与软件资源的计算机程序，是直接运行在“裸机”上的最基本的系统软件，任何其他软件都必须在操作系统的支持下才能运行。

⑺ java 编译优化问题

java编译的结果是字节码而不是二进制，所以在运行时vm的优化才是重要的，包括VM的回收策略、分配给VM内存的大小都能在一定程度上影响性能。Sun的VM支持热点编译，对高频执行的代码段翻译的2进制会进行缓存，这也是VM的一种优化。

IBM JVM处理数学运算速度最快，BEA JVM处理大量线程和网络socket性能最好，而Sun JVM处理通常的商业逻辑性能最好。不过Hotspot的Server mode被报告有稳定性的问题。

Java 的最大优势不是体现在执行速度上，所以对Compiler的要求并不如c++那样高，代码级的优化还需要程序员本身的功底。

贴个java的运行参数：

Usage: java [-options] class [args...]
(to execute a class)
or java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
(to execute a jar file)

where options include:
-client to select the "client" VM
-server to select the "server" VM
-hotspot is a synonym for the "client" VM [deprecated]
The default VM is client.

-cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
-classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
A ; separated list of directories, JAR archives,
and ZIP archives to search for class files.
-D<name>=<value>
set a system property
-verbose[:class|gc|jni]
enable verbose output
-version print proct version and exit
-version:<value>
require the specified version to run
-showversion print proct version and continue
-jre-restrict-search | -jre-no-restrict-search
include/exclude user private JREs in the version search
-? -help print this help message
-X print help on non-standard options
-ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
enable assertions
-da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
disable assertions
-esa | -enablesystemassertions
enable system assertions
-dsa | -disablesystemassertions
disable system assertions
-agentlib:<libname>[=<options>]
load native agent library <libname>, e.g. -agentlib:hprof
see also, -agentlib:jdwp=help and -agentlib:hprof=help
-agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>]
load native agent library by full pathname
-javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>]
load Java programming language agent, see

java.lang.instrument

-Xmixed mixed mode execution (default)
-Xint interpreted mode execution only
-Xbootclasspath:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
-Xbootclasspath/a:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
append to end of bootstrap class path
-Xbootclasspath/p:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
prepend in front of bootstrap class path
-Xnoclassgc disable class garbage collection
-Xincgc enable incremental garbage collection
-Xloggc:<file> log GC status to a file with time stamps
-Xbatch disable background compilation
-Xms<size> set initial Java heap size
-Xmx<size> set maximum Java heap size
-Xss<size> set java thread stack size
-Xprof output cpu profiling data
-Xfuture enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
-Xrs rece use of OS signals by Java/VM (see

documentation)
-Xcheck:jni perform additional checks for JNI functions
-Xshare:off do not attempt to use shared class data
-Xshare:auto use shared class data if possible (default)
-Xshare:on require using shared class data, otherwise fail.

Java虚拟机（JVM）参数配置说明

在Java、J2EE大型应用中，JVM非标准参数的配置直接关系到整个系统的性能。
JVM非标准参数指的是JVM底层的一些配置参数，这些参数在一般开发中默认即可，不需

要任何配置。但是在生产环境中，为了提高性能，往往需要调整这些参数，以求系统达

到最佳新能。
另外这些参数的配置也是影响系统稳定性的一个重要因素，相信大多数Java开发人员都

见过“OutOfMemory”类型的错误。呵呵，这其中很可能就是JVM参数配置不当或者就没

有配置没意识到配置引起的。

为了说明这些参数，还需要说说JDK中的命令行工具一些知识做铺垫。

首先看如何获取这些命令配置信息说明：
假设你是windows平台，你安装了J2SDK，那么现在你从cmd控制台窗口进入J2SDK安装目

录下的bin目录，然后运行java命令，出现如下结果，这些就是包括java.exe工具的和

JVM的所有命令都在里面。

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
D:\j2sdk15\bin>java
Usage: java [-options] class [args...]
(to execute a class)
or java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
(to execute a jar file)

where options include:
-client to select the "client" VM
-server to select the "server" VM
-hotspot is a synonym for the "client" VM [deprecated]
The default VM is client.

-cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
-classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
A ; separated list of directories, JAR archives,
and ZIP archives to search for class files.
-D<name>=<value>
set a system property
-verbose[:class|gc|jni]
enable verbose output
-version print proct version and exit
-version:<value>
require the specified version to run
-showversion print proct version and continue
-jre-restrict-search | -jre-no-restrict-search
include/exclude user private JREs in the version search
-? -help print this help message
-X print help on non-standard options
-ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
enable assertions
-da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
disable assertions
-esa | -enablesystemassertions
enable system assertions
-dsa | -disablesystemassertions
disable system assertions
-agentlib:<libname>[=<options>]
load native agent library <libname>, e.g. -agentlib:hprof
see also, -agentlib:jdwp=help and -agentlib:hprof=help
-agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>]
load native agent library by full pathname
-javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>]
load Java programming language agent, see

java.lang.instrument
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
在控制台输出信息中，有个-X（注意是大写）的命令，这个正是查看JVM配置参数的命

令。

其次，用java -X 命令查看JVM的配置说明：
运行后如下结果，这些就是配置JVM参数的秘密武器，这些信息都是英文的，为了方便

阅读，我根据自己的理解翻译成中文了（不准确的地方还请各位博友斧正）
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
D:\j2sdk15\bin>java -X
-Xmixed mixed mode execution (default)
-Xint interpreted mode execution only
-Xbootclasspath:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
-Xbootclasspath/a:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
append to end of bootstrap class path
-Xbootclasspath/p:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
prepend in front of bootstrap class path
-Xnoclassgc disable class garbage collection
-Xincgc enable incremental garbage collection
-Xloggc:<file> log GC status to a file with time stamps
-Xbatch disable background compilation
-Xms<size> set initial Java heap size
-Xmx<size> set maximum Java heap size
-Xss<size> set java thread stack size
-Xprof output cpu profiling data
-Xfuture enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
-Xrs rece use of OS signals by Java/VM (see

documentation)
-Xcheck:jni perform additional checks for JNI functions
-Xshare:off do not attempt to use shared class data
-Xshare:auto use shared class data if possible (default)
-Xshare:on require using shared class data, otherwise fail.

The -X options are non-standard and subject to change without notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

JVM配置参数中文说明：
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1、-Xmixed mixed mode execution (default)
混合模式执行

2、-Xint interpreted mode execution only
解释模式执行

3、-Xbootclasspath:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
设置zip/jar资源或者类（.class文件）存放目录路径

3、-Xbootclasspath/a:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
append to end of bootstrap class path
追加zip/jar资源或者类（.class文件）存放目录路径

4、-Xbootclasspath/p:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
prepend in front of bootstrap class path
预先加载zip/jar资源或者类（.class文件）存放目录路径

5、-Xnoclassgc disable class garbage collection
关闭类垃圾回收功能

6、-Xincgc enable incremental garbage collection
开启类的垃圾回收功能

7、-Xloggc:<file> log GC status to a file with time stamps
记录垃圾回日志到一个文件。

8、-Xbatch disable background compilation
关闭后台编译

9、-Xms<size> set initial Java heap size
设置JVM初始化堆内存大小

10、-Xmx<size> set maximum Java heap size
设置JVM最大的堆内存大小

11、-Xss<size> set java thread stack size
设置JVM栈内存大小

12、-Xprof output cpu profiling data
输入CPU概要表数据

13、-Xfuture enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
执行严格的代码检查，预测可能出现的情况

14、-Xrs rece use of OS signals by Java/VM (see

documentation)
通过JVM还原操作系统信号

15、-Xcheck:jni perform additional checks for JNI functions
对JNI函数执行检查

16、-Xshare:off do not attempt to use shared class data
尽可能不去使用共享类的数据

17、-Xshare:auto use shared class data if possible (default)
尽可能的使用共享类的数据

18、-Xshare:on require using shared class data, otherwise fail.
尽可能的使用共享类的数据，否则运行失败

The -X options are non-standard and subject to change without notice.

⑻ 如何在makefile里面使用 -Wno-strict-aliasing 参数来屏蔽GCC编译的warining信息

找到这一行WFLAGS = -Wall -Werror
改成
WFLAGS = -Wall -Werror -fno-strict-aliasing

⑼ linux下如何查看一个二进制文件是使用-O0优化还是-O2优化

gcc默认提供了5级优化选项：
-O/-O0:无优化(默认)
-O1:使用能减少目标文件大小以及执行时间并且不会使编译时间明显增加的优化。该模式在编译大型程序的时候会花费更多的时间和内存。在-O1下：编译会尝试减少代码体积和代码运行时间，但是并不执行会花费大量时间的优化操作。
-O2: 包含-O1的优化并增加了不需要在目标文件大小和执行速度上进行折衷的优化。GCC执行几乎所有支持的操作但不包括空间和速度之间权衡的优化，编译器不执行循环展开以及函数内联。这是推荐的优化等级，除非你有特殊的需求。-O2会比-O1启用多一些标记。与-O1比较该优化-O2将会花费更多的编译时间当然也会生成性能更好的代码。
-Os:专门优化目标文件大小,执行所有的不增加目标文件大小的-O2优化选项。同时-Os还会执行更加优化程序空间的选项。这对于磁盘空间极其紧张或者CPU缓存较小的机器非常有用。但也可能产生些许问题，因此软件树中的大部分ebuild都过滤掉这个等级的优化。使用-Os是不推荐的。
-O3: 打开所有-O2的优化选项并且增加 -finline-functions, -funswitch-loops,-fpredictive-commoning, -fgcse-after-reload and -ftree-vectorize优化选项。这是最高最危险的优化等级。用这个选项会延长编译代码的时间，并且在使用gcc4.x的系统里不应全局启用。自从3.x版本以来gcc的行为已经有了极大地改变。在3.x，-O3生成的代码也只是比-O2快一点点而已，而gcc4.x中还未必更快。用-O3来编译所有的软件包将产生更大体积更耗内存的二进制文件，大大增加编译失败的机会或不可预知的程序行为（包括错误）。这样做将得不偿失，记住过犹不及。在gcc 4.x.中使用-O3是不推荐的。
————————————————
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主“rongming_lu”的原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/LU_ZHAO/java/article/details/104516291

⑽ gcc 编译优化做了哪些事求解答

用过gcc的都应该知道编译时候的-O选项吧。它就是负责编译优化。下面列出它的说明： -O -O1 Optimize. Optimizing compilation takes somewhat more time, and a lot more memory for a large function. With -O, the compiler tries to rece code size and execution time, without performing any optimizations that take a great deal of compilation time. -O turns on the following optimization flags: -fdefer-pop -fdelayed-branch -fguess-branch-probability -fcprop-registers -floop-optimize -fif-conversion -fif-conver- sion2 -ftree-ccp -ftree-dce -ftree-dominator-opts -ftree-dse -ftree-ter -ftree-lrs -ftree-sra -ftree-rename -ftree-fre -ftree-ch -funit-at-a-time -fmerge-constants -O also turns on -fomit-frame-pointer on machines where doing so does not interfere with debugging. -O doesn’t turn on -ftree-sra for the Ada compiler. This option must be explicitly speci- fied on the command line to be enabled for the Ada compiler. -O2 Optimize even more. GCC performs nearly all supported optimizations that do not involve a space-speed tradeoff. The compiler does not perform loop unrolling or function inlining when you specify -O2. As compared to -O, this option increases both compilation time and the performance of the generated code. -O2 turns on all optimization flags specified by -O. It also turns on the following opti- mization flags: -fthread-jumps -fcrossjumping -foptimize-sibling-calls -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fgcse -fgcse-lm -fexpensive-optimizations -fstrength-rece -fre- run-cse-after-loop -frerun-loop-opt -fcaller-saves -fpeephole2 -fschele-insns -fsched- ule-insns2 -fsched-interblock -fsched-spec -fregmove -fstrict-aliasing -fdelete-null-pointer-checks -freorder-blocks -freorder-functions -falign-functions -falign-jumps -falign-loops -falign-labels -ftree-vrp -ftree-pre Please note the warning under -fgcse about invoking -O2 on programs that use computed gotos. -O3 Optimize yet more. -O3 turns on all optimizations specified by -O2 and also turns on the -finline-functions, -funswitch-loops and -fgcse-after-reload options. -O0 Do not optimize. This is the default. -Os Optimize for size. -Os enables all -O2 optimizations that do not typically increase code size. It also performs further optimizations designed to rece code size. -Os disables the following optimization flags: -falign-functions -falign-jumps -falign-loops -falign-labels -freorder-blocks -freorder-blocks-and-partition -fprefetch-loop-arrays -ftree-vect-loop-version If you use multiple -O options, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective. Options of the form -fflag specify machine-independent flags. Most flags have both positive and negative forms; the negative form of -ffoo would be -fno-foo. In the table below, only one of the forms is listed---the one you typically will use. You can figure out the other form by either removing no- or adding it. The following options control specific optimizations. They are either activated by -O options or are related to ones that are. You can use the following flags in the rare cases when "fine-tuning" of optimizations to be performed is desired. -fno-default-inline Do not make member functions inline by default merely because they are defined inside the class scope (C++ only). Otherwise, when you specify -O, member functions defined inside class scope are compiled inline by default; i.e., you don’t need to add inline in front of the member function name. -fno-defer-pop Always pop the arguments to each function call as soon as that function returns. For machines which must pop arguments after a function call, the compiler normally lets argu- ments accumulate on the stack for several function calls and pops them all at once. Disabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fforce-mem Force memory operands to be copied into registers before doing arithmetic on them. This proces better code by making all memory references potential common subexpressions. When they are not common subexpressions, instruction combination should eliminate the separate register-load. This option is now a nop and will be removed in 4.2. -fforce-addr Force memory address constants to be copied into registers before doing arithmetic on them. -fomit-frame-pointer Don’t keep the frame pointer in a register for functions that don’t need one. This avoids the instructions to save, set up and restore frame pointers; it also makes an extra regis- ter available in many functions. It also makes debugging impossible on some machines. On some machines, such as the VAX, this flag has no effect, because the standard calling sequence automatically handles the frame pointer and nothing is saved by pretending it doesn’t exist. The machine-description macro "FRAME_POINTER_REQUIRED" controls whether a target machine supports this flag. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -foptimize-sibling-calls Optimize sibling and tail recursive calls. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fno-inline Don’t pay attention to the "inline" keyword. Normally this option is used to keep the com- piler from expanding any functions inline. Note that if you are not optimizing, no func- tions can be expanded inline. -finline-functions Integrate all simple functions into their callers. The compiler heuristically decides which functions are simple enough to be worth integrating in this way. If all calls to a given function are integrated, and the function is declared "static", then the function is normally not output as assembler code in its own right. Enabled at level -O3. -finline-functions-called-once Consider all "static" functions called once for inlining into their caller even if they are not marked "inline". If a call to a given function is integrated, then the function is not output as assembler code in its own right. Enabled if -funit-at-a-time is enabled. -fearly-inlining Inline functions marked by "always_inline" and functions whose body seems smaller than the function call overhead early before doing -fprofile-generate instrumentation and real inlining pass. Doing so makes profiling significantly cheaper and usually inlining faster on programs having large chains of nested wrapper functions. Enabled by default. -finline-limit=n By default, GCC limits the size of functions that can be inlined. This flag allows the control of this limit for functions that are explicitly marked as inline (i.e., marked with the inline keyword or defined within the class definition in c++). n is the size of func- tions that can be inlined in number of pseudo instructions (not counting parameter han- dling). The default value of n is 600. Increasing this value can result in more inlined code at the cost of compilation time and memory consumption. Decreasing usually makes the compilation faster and less code will be inlined (which presumably means slower programs). This option is particularly useful for programs that use inlining heavily such as those based on recursive templates with C++. Inlining is actually controlled by a number of parameters, which may be specified indivi- ally by using --param name=value. The -finline-limit=n option sets some of these parame- ters as follows: max-inline-insns-single is set to I<n>/2. max-inline-insns-auto is set to I<n>/2. min-inline-insns is set to 130 or I<n>/4, whichever is smaller. max-inline-insns-rtl is set to I<n>. See below for a documentation of the indivial parameters controlling inlining. Note: pseudo instruction represents, in this particular context, an abstract measurement of function’s size. In no way does it represent a count of assembly instructions and as such its exact meaning might change from one release to an another. -fkeep-inline-functions In C, emit "static" functions that are declared "inline" into the object file, even if the function has been inlined into all of its callers. This switch does not affect functions using the "extern inline" extension in GNU C. In C++, emit any and all inline functions into the object file. -fkeep-static-consts Emit variables declared "static const" when optimization isn’t turned on, even if the vari- ables aren’t referenced. GCC enables this option by default. If you want to force the compiler to check if the variable was referenced, regardless of whether or not optimization is turned on, use the -fno-keep-static-consts option. -fmerge-constants Attempt to merge identical constants (string constants and floating point constants) across compilation units. This option is the default for optimized compilation if the assembler and linker support it. Use -fno-merge-constants to inhibit this behavior. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fmerge-all-constants Attempt to merge identical constants and identical variables. This option implies -fmerge-constants. In addition to -fmerge-constants this considers e.g. even constant initialized arrays or initialized constant variables with integral or floating point types. Languages like C or C++ require each non-automatic variable to have distinct location, so using this option will result in non-conforming behavior. -fmolo-sched Perform swing molo scheling immediately before the first scheling pass. This pass looks at innermost loops and reorders their instructions by overlapping different itera- tions. -fno-branch-count-reg Do not use "decrement and branch" instructions on a count register, but instead generate a sequence of instructions that decrement a register, compare it against zero, then branch based upon the result. This option is only meaningful on architectures that support such instructions, which include x86, PowerPC, IA-64 and S/390. The default is -fbranch-count-reg, enabled when -fstrength-rece is enabled. -fno-function-cse Do not put function addresses in registers; make each instruction that calls a constant function contain the function’s address explicitly. This option results in less efficient code, but some strange hacks that alter the assembler output may be confused by the optimizations performed when this option is not used. The default is -ffunction-cse -fno-zero-initialized-in-bss If the target supports a BSS section, GCC by default puts variables that are initialized to zero into BSS. This can save space in the resulting code. This option turns off this behavior because some programs explicitly rely on variables going to the data section. E.g., so that the resulting executable can find the beginning of that section and/or make assumptions based on that. The default is -fzero-initialized-in-bss. -fmudflap -fmudflapth -fmudflapir For front-ends that support it (C and C++), instrument all risky pointer/array dereferenc- ing operations, some standard library string/heap functions, and some other associated con- structs with range/validity tests. Moles so instrumented should be immune to buffer overflows, invalid heap use, and some other classes of C/C++ programming errors. The instrumentation relies on a separate runtime library (libmudflap), which will be linked into a program if -fmudflap is given at link time. Run-time behavior of the instrumented program is controlled by the MUDFLAP_OPTIONS environment variable. See "env MUD- FLAP_OPTIONS=-help a.out" for its options. Use -fmudflapth instead of -fmudflap to compile and to link if your program is multi-threaded. Use -fmudflapir, in addition to -fmudflap or -fmudflapth, if instrumenta- tion should ignore pointer reads. This proces less instrumentation (and therefore faster execution) and still provides some protection against outright memory corrupting writes, but allows erroneously read data to propagate within a program. -fstrength-rece Perform the optimizations of loop strength rection and elimination of iteration vari- ables. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fthread-jumps Perform optimizations where we check to see if a jump branches to a location where another comparison subsumed by the first is found. If so, the first branch is redirected to either the destination of the second branch or a point immediately following it, depending on whether the condition is known to be true or false. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fcse-follow-jumps In common subexpression elimination, scan through jump instructions when the target of the jump is not reached by any other path. For example, when CSE encounters an "if" statement with an "else" clause, CSE will follow the jump when the condition tested is false. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fcse-skip-blocks This is similar to -fcse-follow-jumps, but causes CSE to follow jumps which conditionally skip over blocks. When CSE encounters a simple "if" statement with no else clause, -fcse-skip-blocks causes CSE to follow the jump around the body of the "if". Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -frerun-cse-after-loop Re-run common subexpression elimination after loop optimizations has been performed. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -frerun-loop-opt Run the loop optimizer twice. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fgcse Perform a global common subexpression elimination pass. This pass also performs global constant and propagation. Note: When compiling a program using computed gotos, a GCC extension, you may get better runtime performance if you disable the global common subexpression elimination pass by adding -fno-gcse to the command line. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fgcse-lm When -fgcse-lm is enabled, global common subexpression elimination will attempt to move loads which are only killed by stores into themselves. This allows a loop containing a load/store sequence to be changed to a load outside the loop, and a /store within the loop. Enabled by default when gcse is enabled. -fgcse-sm When -fgcse-sm is enabled, a store motion pass is run after global common subexpression elimination. This pass will attempt to move stores out of loops. When used in conjunction with -fgcse-lm, loops containing a load/store sequence can be changed to a load before the loop and a store after the loop. Not enabled at any optimization level. -fgcse-las When -fgcse-las is enabled, the global common subexpression elimination pass eliminates rendant loads that come after stores to the same memory location (both partial and full rendancies). Not enabled at any optimization level. -fgcse-after-reload When -fgcse-after-reload is enabled, a rendant load elimination pass is performed after reload. The purpose of this pass is to cleanup rendant spilling. -floop-optimize Perform loop optimizations: move constant expressions out of loops, simplify exit test con- ditions and optionally do strength-rection as well. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -floop-optimize2 Perform loop optimizations using the new loop optimizer. The optimizations (loop unrolling, peeling and unswitching, loop invariant motion) are enabled by separate flags. -funsafe-loop-optimizations If given, the loop optimizer will assume that loop indices do not overflow, and that the loops with nontrivial exit condition are not infinite. This enables a wider range of loop optimizations even if the loop optimizer itself cannot prove that these assumptions are valid. Using -Wunsafe-loop-optimizations, the compiler will warn you if it finds this kind of loop. -fcrossjumping Perform cross-jumping transformation. This transformation unifies equivalent code and save code size. The resulting code may or may not perform better than without cross-jumping. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fif-conversion Attempt to transform conditional jumps into branch-less equivalents. This include use of conditional moves, min, max, set flags and abs instructions, and some tricks doable by standard arithmetics. The use of conditional execution on chips where it is available is controlled by "if-conversion2". Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fif-conversion2 Use conditional execution (where available) to transform conditional jumps into branch-less equivalents. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fdelete-null-pointer-checks Use global dataflow analysis to identify and eliminate useless checks for null pointers. The compiler assumes that dereferencing a null pointer would have halted the program. If a pointer is checked after it has already been dereferenced, it cannot be null. In some environments, this assumption is not true, and programs can safely dereference null pointers. Use -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks to disable this optimization for programs which depend on that behavior. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fexpensive-optimizations Perform a number of minor optimizations that are relatively expensive. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -foptimize-register-move -fregmove Attempt to reassign register numbers in move instructions and as operands of other simple instructions in order to maximize the amount of register tying. This is especially helpful on machines with two-operand instructions. Note -fregmove and -foptimize-register-move are the same optimization. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fdelayed-branch If supported for the target machine, attempt to reorder instructions to exploit instruction slots available after delayed branch instructions. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fschele-insns If supported for the target machine, attempt to reorder instructions to eliminate execution stalls e to required data being unavailable. This helps machines that have slow floating point or memory load instructions by allowing other instructions to be issued until the result of the load or floating point instruction is required. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fschele-insns2 Similar to -fschele-insns, but requests an additional pass of instruction scheling after register allocation has been done. This is especially useful on machines with a rel- atively small number of registers and where memory load instructions take more than one cycle. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fno-sched-interblock Don’t schele instructions across basic blocks. This is normally enabled by default when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fno-sched-spec Don’t allow speculative motion of non-load instructions. This is normally enabled by default when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fsched-spec-load Allow speculative motion of some load instructions. This only makes sense when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fsched-spec-load-dangerous Allow speculative motion of more load instructions. This only makes sense when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fsched-stalled-insns -fsched-stalled-insns=n Define how many insns (if any) can be moved prematurely from the queue of stalled insns into the ready list, ring the second scheling pass. -fno-fsched-stalled-insns and -fsched-stalled-insns=0 are equivalent and mean that no insns will be moved prematurely. If n is unspecified then there is no limit on how many queued insns can be moved prema- turely. -fsched-stalled-insns-dep -fsched-stalled-insns-dep=n Define how many insn groups (cycles) will be examined for a dependency on a stalled insn that is candidate for premature removal from the queue of stalled insns. This has an effect only ring the second scheling pass, and only if -fsched-stalled-insns is used and its value is not zero. +-fno-sched-stalled-insns-dep is equivalent to +-fsched-stalled-insns-dep=0. +-fsched-stalled-insns-dep without a value is equivalent to +-fsched-stalled-insns-dep=1. -fsched2-use-superblocks When scheling after register allocation, do use superblock scheling algorithm. Superblock scheling allows motion across basic block boundaries resulting on faster scheles. This option is experimental, as not all machine descriptions used by GCC model the CPU closely enough to avoid unreliable results from the algorithm. This only makes sense when scheling after register