编程lpl
1. 英雄联盟lpl冒泡赛是什么意思
冒泡赛是一种新增的比赛模式，比较形象的就是队伍像泡泡一样一个一个上去，浮上去的就是可以去代表中国LPL参加S6世界总决赛。
一个一个泡泡就是夏季赛季后赛排名分数低的队伍，这些战队通过单场BO5进行比赛，从下往上打，最后的获胜者将获得S赛的资格。
详细赛制如下：
1、第一轮：冒泡淘汰赛
季后赛开始后，在常规赛排名第8与第7的战队将进行淘汰赛的较量，败者被淘汰出局，胜者会和第6进行第二轮淘汰赛，败者依然会被淘汰出局，最终决出一名胜者晋级到“冒泡定位赛”。备注：为了方便介绍后面的赛制，我们将冒泡定位赛胜利者称为“晋级战队”。
2、第二轮：冒泡定位赛
第二轮冒泡定位赛开始后，“晋级战队”将先会对阵常规赛排名第5的战队，在这次比赛中胜者将对阵常规赛排名第4的队伍，败者将对阵常规赛排名第3的队伍，这两场比赛胜利的队伍将晋级半决赛，与常规赛积分排名第1、第2的队伍进行较量。
3、第三轮：半决赛
最终进入半决赛的四支队伍将通过常规赛积分排名顺序来决定他们的对手到底是谁，具体规则为：
第1名将会对阵常规赛排名低的队伍，第2名将会对阵常规赛排名高的队伍。
最后再根据半决赛的胜负关系依次决出2016LPL夏季赛季后赛的冠、亚、季军的归属。
冒泡赛是电子竞技中常见的一种比赛方式。第一场和第二场胜者进行决赛分出一二名,负者进行比赛分出3,4名。而后通过短信复活的选手与第4名比赛，胜者与第3名比赛,再胜与第2名比赛,再胜与第一名比赛.也就是说目前这4人的冠军就是做亚望冠,而被复活的选手想夺冠得过4道关,难度是极其大的。
2. 编程语言有多少种
不下200种 可以在维基网络搜索List_of_programming_languages
网络贴不了wiki的地址，大概是垄断吧
A+BAT
A+
A++
A# .NET
A# (Axiom)
A-0
ABAP
ABC
ABC ALGOL
ABLE
ABSET
ABSYS
ACC
Accent
ActionScript
Ace DASL
ACT-III
Ada
APL
AWK
B
BACI
Baja
BASIC
bc
bcompile
BCPL
BeanShell
BETA
Bigwig
Big Snake
Bistro
BLISS
Blitz Basic
Block And List Manipulation (BALM)
Blue - Rejected prototype for Ada
Blue
Boo
Bourne shell - a.k.a sh
Bourne-Again shell - see Bash
Boxx
BPEL - Business Process Execution Language
Brainfuck
BUGSYS
BuildProfessional
BYOND
C
C--
C-script
C++ - ISO/IEC 14882
C# - ISO/IEC 23270
C shell (csh)
Caché ObjectScript - See also Caché Basic
Caml
Cat
Cayenne
C-BOT
Cecil
Cesil
Cg
Ch interpreter (C/C++ interpreter Ch)
Chapel
CHAIN
Charity
Chef
Chey
CHILL
CHIP-8
chomski
Chrome
ChucK
Cilk
CICS
CL
Clarion
Clean
Clipper
CLIST - Programming language for online applications in the MVS TSO environment
CLU
CMS-2
COBOL - ISO/IEC 1989
CobolScript
Cobra
CODE
ColdFusion
COMAL
Common Intermediate Language (CIL)
Common Lisp
Component Pascal
COMIT - List or string processing language
Concurrent Clean
Constraint Handling Rules
CORAL66
Corn
CorVision
COWSEL
CPL
CSP
Csound
Cue
Curl
Curry
Cyclone
D
Dao
DASL - Distributed Application Specification Language
DASL - Datapoint's Advanced Systems Language
DarkBASIC
DarkBASIC Professional
Dataflex
Datalog
dBASE
dc
Deesel (formerly G)
Delphi
Dialect
DinkC
DCL
Dialog Manager
DIBOL
DL/I
Dream Maker
Dylan
Dynace
E
Ease
EASY
Easy PL/I
EASYTRIEVE PLUS
eC (Ecere C)
ECMAScript
eDeveloper
Edinburgh IMP
Einstein
Eiffel
Elan
elastiC
Elf
Emacs Lisp
EGL Programming Language (EGL)
Epigram
Erlang
Escapade - server-side programming
Esterel
Euclid
Euphoria
Euler
EXEC
EXEC2
F
F#
Factor
Fan
Felix
Ferite
F#
FL
FLOW-MATIC
FOCAL
FOCUS
FOIL
FORMAC
Formula language
Forth
Fortran - ISO/IEC 1539
Fortress
FoxPro
FP
Frag Script
Franz Lisp
Frink
Frontier
F-Script
Gambas
G-code
General Algebraic Modeling System
Generic Java
Gibiane
G (LabVIEW)
Gödel
Godiva
GOTRAN (see IBM 1620)
GOTO++
GPSS
GraphTalk
GRASS
Green
Groovy
H - Business processing language from NCR.
HAL/S - Real-time aerospace programming language
HAScript
Haskell - An advanced functional programming language
HaXe - Open Source language which can compile to four different platforms, including PHP and Flash
HyperTalk
IBM Basic assembly language
IBM RPG
ICI
Icon
IDL
IMP
Inform
Information Processing Language (IPL)
Informix-4GL
Io
IPTSCRAE
Interactive System Proctivity Facility
J
J#
J++
JADE
JAG
Jal
Janus
Java
JavaScript
Jim++
JCL
Join Java
JOSS
Joule
JOVIAL
Joy
JScript
JSP
J2EE
J2ME
K
KEE
Kiev
Korn Shell
KIF
Kite
Kogut
KRC
KRL
KRYPTON
L
LabVIEW
Lagoona
LANSA
Lasso
Lava
Leda
Lead
Leadwerks Script
Legoscript
Leopard
Lexico
Lfyre
Liberty BASIC
Limbo
Limnor
LINC
Lingo
Lisaac
Lisp - ISO/IEC 13816
Lite-C
Logo
LOLCODE
LPC
LSL
LSE
Lua
Lucid
Lush
Lustre
LYaPAS
LSL
M4
MAD
MADCAP
MAGIC - See eDeveloper
Magik
Magma
MapBasic
Maple
MAPPER (Unisys/Sperry) now part of BIS
M-A-R-E-K (Programming language)
MARK-IV (Sterling/Informatics) now VISION:BUILDER of CA
Mary
Mathematica
MATLAB
MATA
Maxima (see also Macsyma)
MaxScript internal language 3D Studio Max
Maya (MEL)
Multiprocessor C#
Mercury
Mesa
METAL
Michigan Algorithm Decoder see MAD programming language
Microcode
MicroScript
MillScript
MIMIC
Mindscript
Miranda
Miva
ML
Moby
MODCAP
Model 204 User Language
Mola
Mola-2
Mola-3
Mondrian
Mortran
Moto
MOUSE
MSIL - Deprecated name for Common Intermediate Language
MSL
MONO
MUMPS
Napier88
Natural
Nemerle
NESL
Net.Data
Neuralware
NewtonScript
NGL
Nial
NXT-G
Nice
Nickle
Nosica
NQC
Nu
o:XML
Oberon
Objective Mola-2
Object Lisp
ObjectLOGO
Object Pascal
Objective-C
Objective Caml
Obliq
Objectstar
ObjectView
Ocaml
occam
occam-π
Octave
OmniMark
Opal
Open programming language
OPS5
Organiser Programming Language (OPL) - cf. Psion Organiser
Oxygene
Oz
PARI/GP
Parser
Pascal - ISO 7185
Pawn
PBASIC
PCASTL
PEARL
Perl
Perl Data Language
PHP
Pico
Piet
Pike
PIKT
PILOT
Pizza
PL 11
PL/0
PL/8
PL/B
PL/C
PL/I - ISO 6160
PL/M
PL/P
PL/SQL
Plankalkül
PLD
PLEX
PLEXIL
Pliant
PNGlish
PPL
POP-11
Poplog
PORTRAN
PostScript
Ppc++
Processing
Prograph
Progress 4GL
Prolog
Turbo Prolog
Promela
Protheus
PRO-IV
Python
Q
Qi
QtScript
QuakeC
QPL
Quikcomp (for the Moonrobot XI)
R
R++ - Based on C++ and added semanteme description
Rascal
Ratfiv
Ratfor
RBScript
rc
REPL - Really Easy Programming Language
REBOL - Relative Expression Based Object Language
Red - Rejected prototype for Ada
Redcode
REDO
REFAL
Revolution
REXX
Rigal
Rlab
Robot Scripting Language (RSL)
RPG - Report Program Generator
RPL
RScript
Ruby
Russell Programming Language
REALBasic
S
S2
S-PLUS
S-Lang
SAIL
SAKO
SAM76
SAS
Sather
Scala
ScalPL
SCAR
SCATRAN
Scheme
Scilab
Script.NET
Sed
Seed7
Self
SETL
Shadow Programming Interface (Developing)
ShadowScript
Shift Script
SIGNAL
SiMPLE
SIMPOL
SIMSCRIPT
Simula
SISAL
Slate
SLIP
SMALL - SMALL Machine Algol Like Language
Small
Smalltalk
SNOBOL - String Oriented Symbolic Language
SPITBOL
Snowball
SPARK
Spice
SPIN
SP/k
SPL/1 - aka SPL/I
SPS (1620) - see IBM 1620
Squirrel
SR
SSL
Standard ML
StringLang
Subtext
SuperCollider
Suneido
SYMPL
SyncCharts
Synergy/DE
SystemVerilog
T
TACL
TACPOL
TagsMe
TADS
TIE
Transaction Application Language
Tcl
Transact-SQL
teco
TELCOMP
Telon
Tempo
thinBasic
Titanium
TI-Basic
Today
Tom
TOM
Topspeed - see Clarion
TorqueScript
tpu
Trac
Trine
TTCN
Turbo Pascal
Turing
TUTOR\
Tutorial D
TXL
Ubercode
Ultra 32
Unicon
Uniface
Unix shell
Unlambda
UnrealScript
Use
V
Vala
VDM++
VDM-SL
Verilog
VHDL
Visual Assembler
Visual Basic - Visual Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
Visual Basic .NET
Visual DataFlex
Visual DialogScript
Visual FoxPro
Visual J++
Visual Objects
VBScript
VX-REXX
Vvvv
Water
WATFOR - see WATFIV
WATFIV
WAXHTML
WebQL
Whitespace
Winbatch
WinDev
Windows PowerShell
X++
X10
Xbase++ 32Bit Windows language
XBL
xbScript - Also xBaseScript
xHarbour
XL
XOTcl
XPL
XPL0
XQuery
XSLT - See XPath
Y
YACC
YAFL
Yellow - Rejected prototype for Ada
Yorick
Y
Z++
Z notation - A program specification language, like UML.
Zonnon
ZOPL
ZPL
3. 用C语言编写程序求两个数的最小公倍数,并输出
如图使用辗转相除法求最小公倍数：
(3)编程lpl扩展阅读：
辗转相除法， 又名欧几里德算法（Euclidean algorithm），是求最大公约数的一种方法。
它的具体做法是：用较大数除以较小数，再用出现的余数（第一余数）去除除数，再用出现的余数（第二余数）去除第一余数，如此反复，直到最后余数是0为止。如果是求两个数的最大公约数，那么最后的除数就是这两个数的最大公约数。
两个数的最大公约数是指能同时整除它们的最大正整数。
设两数为a、b（a2b），求a和b最大公约数（a，b）的步骤如下：
（1）用a除以b（a2b），得a÷b=q..n（0≤n）。
（2）若rn=0，则（a，b）=b；
（3）若r10，则再用b除以n，得b÷n=q..2（0sr2）
（4）若r2=0，则（a，b）=rn；若r20，则继续用r1除以r2，.…，如此下去，直到能整除为止。
其最后一个余数为0的除数即为（a，b）的最大公约数。
4. 可以用VB编程，运行后，是电脑关机或者重启。求代码，谢谢。
你先在新窗体上添加以下三个按钮，完整代码如下（你只要完整复制过去运行就可以了）
建立3个按钮Command1、Command2、Command3
第一个按钮是实现关机
第二个按钮是实现重启
第三个按钮式实现注销
保证你成功哦！
'*******************************************************************************
Private Declare Function ExitWindowsEx Lib "user32" (ByVal dwOptions As Long, ByVal dwReserved As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GetCurrentProcess Lib "kernel32" () As Long
Private Declare Function OpenProcessToken Lib "advapi32" (ByVal ProcessHandle As Long, ByVal DesiredAccess As Long, TokenHandle As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function LookupPrivilegeValue Lib "advapi32" Alias "LookupPrivilegeValueA" (ByVal lpSystemName As String, ByVal lpName As String, lpLuid As LUID) As Long
Private Declare Function AdjustTokenPrivileges Lib "advapi32" (ByVal TokenHandle As Long, ByVal DisableAllPrivileges As Long, NewState As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, ByVal BufferLength As Long, PreviousState As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, ReturnLength As Long) As Long
Private Type LUID
UsedPart As Long
IgnoredForNowHigh32BitPart As Long
End Type
Private Type TOKEN_PRIVILEGES
PrivilegeCount As Long
TheLuid As LUID
Attributes As Long
End Type
Private Const EWX_SHUTDOWN As Long = 1
Private Const EWX_REBOOT = 2
Private Const EWX_LOGOFF = 0
Private Sub AdjustToken()
Const TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES = &H20
Const TOKEN_QUERY = &H8
Const SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED = &H2
Dim hdlProcessHandle As Long
Dim hdlTokenHandle As Long
Dim tmpLuid As LUID
Dim tkp As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES
Dim tkpNewButIgnored As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES
Dim lBufferNeeded As Long
hdlProcessHandle = GetCurrentProcess()
OpenProcessToken hdlProcessHandle, (TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES Or TOKEN_QUERY), hdlTokenHandle
LookupPrivilegeValue "", "SeShutdownPrivilege", tmpLuid
tkp.PrivilegeCount = 1
tkp.TheLuid = tmpLuid
tkp.Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED
AdjustTokenPrivileges hdlTokenHandle, False, tkp, Len(tkpNewButIgnored), tkpNewButIgnored, lBufferNeeded
End Sub
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Call AdjustToken
ExitWindowsEx EWX_SHUTDOWN, 0
End Sub
Private Sub Command2_Click()
Call AdjustToken
ExitWindowsEx EWX_REBOOT, 0
End Sub
Private Sub Command3_Click()
ExitWindowsEx EWX_LOGOFF, 0
End Sub
5. 如何用VB编程实现控制计算机的关机和重起
以上只适用于XP最好用Api实现
Private Declare Function GetCurrentProcess Lib "kernel32" () As Long
Private Declare Function OpenProcessToken Lib "advapi32" (ByVal ProcessHandle As Long, ByVal DesiredAccess As Long, TokenHandle As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function LookupPrivilegeValue Lib "advapi32" Alias "LookupPrivilegeValueA" (ByVal lpSystemName As String, ByVal lpName As String, lpLuid As LUID) As Long
Private Declare Function AdjustTokenPrivileges Lib "advapi32" (ByVal TokenHandle As Long, ByVal DisableAllPrivileges As Long, NewState As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, ByVal BufferLength As Long, PreviousState As TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, ReturnLength As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function ExitWindowsEx Lib "USER32" (ByVal uFlags As Long, ByVal dwReserved As Long) As Long
Public Enum EXITWINDOWSEXENUM
EWX_LogOff = 0
EWX_SHUTDOWN = 1
EWX_REBOOT = 2
EWX_FORCE = 4
EWX_POWEROFF = 8
End Enum
6. 编程语言的历史
两个都是英文版的。
编程语言和软件历史年表大全
Year - Languages, Operating Systems, Major Programs, Etc.
1945 EDVAC utilizes stored program concept
1945 Plankalkul (Konrad Zuse)
1949 Short Code (for BINAC) (John Mauchly)
1950 Intermediate Programming Language (Arthur W. Burks)
1951 Klamemerausdrucke (algebraic language and compilers)
1951 Formules (complete compiler) (Heinz Rutishauser)
1951 Find (for the Whirlwind) (Jack Gilmore)
1952 Autocode compiler (Alick E. Glennie)
1952 Short Code (for UNIVAC 1) (W.F. Schmidt, A.B. Tonik, J.R. Logan)
1952 Sort-Merge Generator (for UNIVAC 1) (Betty Holberton)
1952c COMPOOL (for SAGE) (MIT)
1952 Punchy (for TX-O) (Jack Gilmore)
1953 A-2 Compiler (for UNIVAC) (Grace Hopper)
1953 Algebraic interpreter (for Whirlwind, MIT) (J.H. Laning, N. Zierler)
1953 Speedcoding (for IBM 701) (John Backus)
1954 Operating System (for IBM 701, General Motors Research Laboratory)
1954 Autocode (for Manchester Mark 1) (R.A. Booker)
1954 PiPi-2 Prgrmg Program (compiler, USSR) (E.Z. Liumbimskii, S.S. Kamynin)
1954c Autocoder assembly language (for IBM 705)
1955 PiPi Programming Program (for BESM) (USSR)
1955 BACAIC (for IBM 701) (Mandalay Grems, R.E. Porter, Boeing Airplane Co.)
1955 MATH-MATIC mathematical programming language (for UNIVAC) (C. Katz)
1955 Kompiler 2 (for IBM 701) (A. Kenton Elsworth, Livermore Laboratory)
1956 Operating Sys. (for IBM 704) (General Motors; North American Aviation)
1956 ADES (U.S. Naval Observatory) (E.K.Blum)
1956 APT machine tool control (MIT) (Douglas Ross)
1956 Logic Theorist AI program (A. Newell & H. Simon, Carnegie Institute)
1956 IT (Internal Translator) (for IBM 650) (A. Perlis & J.W. Smith)
1956 Mark I report generator (for IBM 702) (General Electric-Hanford)
1956 FORTRAN (Formula Translation) (John Backus, IBM)
1957 Mark II Report generator (for IBM 702) (General Electric-Hanford)
1957 IPL-V (Information Processing Language V)
1957 Fortransit programming language
1957 COMIT string processing language (Victor Yngve, MIT)
1957 Scope Writer (for TX-2) (Jack Gilmore)
1957 Lincoln Writer (for TX-2) (Jack Gilmore)
1958 APT (Automatically Programmed Tool)
1958 FLOW-MATIC (for UNIVAC, Remington-Rand) (Grace Hopper)
1958c SOAP assembler (for IBM 650)
1958 IR (Information Retrieval) database management system (for IBM 704)
1958 LISP (List Processing language) (John McCarthy, MIT)
1958 AIMACO data processing language
1958 IPL V list processing language
1959 DYNAMO III
1959 TUFF/TUG (for IBM 704)
1959 9PAC file handling (for IBM 709)
1959 FACT business data processing language
1959 SURGE (for IBM 704) (Fletcher Jones)
1959 SAGE operating system (for IBM AN/FSQ7) (System Development Corp.)
1959c SAP assembler (for IBM 704)
1959c ASCI-Matic (Jack Minker)
1959 COBOL (December release)
1960 Atlas operating system for Atlas Computer)
(Manchester Univ. & Ferranti)
1960 ALGOL 60 (Algorithmic Language)
1960 COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)
1960 JOVIAL (Jules Own Version of Int. Algebraic Language) (Jules Schwartz)
1960 MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder)
1960 NELIAC (Navy Electronics Laboratory International Algol Compiler)
1960 TRAC string processing language
1960 SCEPTRE
1960 IOCS operating system (for IBM 709/7090)
1960 FMS operating system (for IBM 709) (North American Aviation)
1961 COBOL revised and reissued
1961 SOS operating system (for IBM 709) (SHARE and IBM)
1961 GPSS (General Purpose Systems Simulator)
1961 SAC/Aids Formatted File System (for SAC 438L system) (SAC)
1961 BASE-BALL natural language system (B.V. Green)
1961 QUERY database (T. E. Cheatham, S. Warshall)
1961 RPG (Report Program Generator) (for IBM 1401)
1961 MADCAP scientific programming language
1961 ALGY formula manipulation language
1961 GECOM business data processing language
1961 QUICKTRAN on-line programming language
1961 Expensive Typewriter (IBM 360) (Stephen Piner)
1961 COBOL 61 Extended
1962 CTSS operating system (for IBM 7090 & IBM 7094) (Dr.F. Corbato, MIT)
1962 Gen. Info. & Retrieval System (GIRLS) for IBM 7090 (J.A. Postley, AIS)
1962 EXEC 1 operating system (for Univac 1107) (Computer Sciences Corp.)
1962 APL (A Programming Language) (Kenneth Iverson)
1962 IBSYS operating system (IBM 7090)
1962 Advanced Data Management System (ADAM) (for IBM 7030) (MITRE)
1962 COLINGO database (for IBM 1401)
1962 FORMAC formula manipulation
1962 SNOBOL (String Oriented Symbolic Language)
1963 Master Control Program operating system (for Burroughs B5000)
1963 COGO (Coordinate Geometry)
1963 Information Processing System (IPS) (for CDC 1604) (NAVCOSSACT)
1963 JOSS (Johnniac Open Shop System) (J.Cliff Shaw, Rand Corporation)
1963 CORC scientific programming language
1963 OMNIT AB scientific programming language
1963 Ambit
1964 Integrated Data Store (I-D-S) (Charles Bachman, General Electric)
1964 OS/360 operating system (for IBM 360)
1964 BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
(John Kemeny, Thomas Kurtz, Dartmouth College)
1964 FORMAC (Formula Manipulation Compiler) for non-numeric mathematics
(Jean Sammet)
1964 PAT on-line programming language
1964 PL/1 (developed by IBM and SHARE)
1964 Altran
1965 Generalized Update Access Method (GUAM) (IBM 7010)
(developed by North American Space Division)
1965 Remote Access Terminal System (for IBM 7010)
(developed by IBM, and Rockwell International)
1965 Generalized Information System (GIS) (for IBM System/360)
1965 DENDRAL (Edward Fiegenbaum, Joshua Lederberg (Stanford University)
1965 C-10 database management system (IBM 1410) (developed by MITRE)
1965 COGENT report generator (for IBM 709)
1965 CPS on-line programming language
1965 RUSH on-line programming language
1965 Amtran on-line programming language
1965 FLAP formula manipulation programming language
1965 CLP list processing language
1965c MULTICS interactive operating system (for GE/Honeywell 645)
(developed by GE, Bell Labs & MIT)
1965 TRAC
1965 SNOBOL 3
1966 SIMULA I (Kristen Nygaard, Ole-Lohan Dahl) (First Object Oriented Language)
1966 TOSS operating system (for IBM System/360) (developed by RCA)
1966 Dialog on-line programming language
1966 MAP on-line programming language
1966 NAPSS scientific programming language
1966 Euler scientific programming language
1966 Coursewriter II
1966 OMNITAB II
1966 ECAP II (Electronic Circuit Analysis Program II)
1966 MPSX (Mathematical Programming System Extended)
1967 RAMIS non-proceral programming language (Mathematical)
1967 MANAGE database management system (for XDS 940 computer)
(developed by Scientific Data Systems)
1967 AS-IST database management system (for IBM System/360)
(developed by Applications Software)
1967 LUCID database management system (for AN/FSQ32)
(developed by System Development)
1967 ICES (Integrated Civil Engineering System)
1967 CSSL (Continuous Systems Simulation Language)
1967 Simula 67 (Simulation Language 1967)
1967 CPUL programming language
1967 POSE scientific programming language
1967 MAC-30 programming language
1967 DIAGMAG scientific programming language
1967 REDUCE formula manipulation language
1967 SPRINT list processing language
1967 LOLITA list processing language
1967 EOL-3 string processing language
1967 LEAP multipurpose programming language
1967 SNOBOL 4
1968 ALGOL 68 (Algorithmic Language)
1968 ATLAS (Abbreviated Test Language for "All" Systems)
1968 CSMP (Continuous System Modeling Program)
1968 Speakeasy
1968 OS/MFT operating system (for IBM 360 computers)
1968 TSS operating system (for IBM 360/370)
1968 MCP operating system (for Burroughs for B2500 and B3500)
1968 PAL programming language
1968 Proteus programming language
1968 GPL general purpose programming language
1968 TPS
1968 Salem
1968 Ariel
1968 Bruin
1968 TLC
1968 Termac
1968 Active Language 1
1968 Symbal
1968 Champ
1969 MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital General Utility
Multi-Programming System)
1969 PILOT
1969 CP-67/CMS operating system (for IBM 360 computer)
1969 OS/MVT operating system (for IBM 360 computer)
1969 Data Manager-1 (developed by Auerbach)
1969 UNIX multi-user, multitasking operating system development begun at Bell Labs
1969 Cobol Data Management System (CDMS) (for IBM 360)
(developed by Defense Intelligence Agency)
1969 Information Management System (IMS) hierarchical database management
system (developed by IBM)
1969 TSOS operating system (for Spectra 70/46) (developed by RCA)
1969 Time Shared Data Management System (TSDMS) (for IBM 360)
1969 Remote File Management System (for CDC 6000)
(developed at University of Texas)
1969 McG360 programming language
1969 DML programming language
1969 REL programming language
1969 PLANNER programming language
1969 REF-ARF programming language
1969 IITRAN multipurpose programming language
1969 APAREL multipurpose programming language
1969 NUCLEOL string processing language
1969 LEAF list processing language
1969 IAM formula manipulation language
1969 PPL on-line programming language
1969 OSCAR on-line programming language
1969 TRANQUIL scientific programming language
1969 SPEAKEASY scientific programming language
1969 STIL scientific programming language
1969 Music V (Max Mathews)
1969 Scratchpad
1970 BLISS (Basic Language for Implementation of System Software)
1970 SC-1 database management system (for IBM 360)
(developed by Western Electric)
1970 DMS data management system (for Sigma 5,7,9 computers)
(developed by Xerox Data Systems)
1970 S2000 data management system (for CDC 6000)(developed by SRI Systems)
1970 AIDS scientific programming language
1970 IIMP scientific programming language
1970 POEL scientific programming language
1970 LPL list processing language
1970 BALM list processing language
1970 Gedanken programming language
1970c Macsyma programming language (Joel Moses, MIT)
1970 Vulcan
1970 PDEL
1970 Pascal (Niklaus Wirth)
1971 VMOS operating system (for Spectra computers) (developed by RCA)
1971 ETC programming language
1971 TUTOR
1971 ISPL (Instruction Set Processor Language)
1971 FORMAC formula manipulation language
1971 HAL/S A programming language used aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia
1972 SMALLTALK object-oriented language (Alan Kay; Xerox)
1972 PL/M high-level language for microprocessor
1972 VS/9 operating system (for UNIVAC Series 90)
1972 Development of C language (Dennis Ritchie)
1973 BS2000 operating system (for Siemens 7500)
1973 VM 1370 operating system (for IBM 370 series)
1973 OS/VS operating system (for IBM 370 series)
1973 Pholas data management system (for Philips P1000)
1973 PDS/MaGEN (Problem Descriptor System)
1974 PL/M
1975 SPSS (Statistical Programs for the Social Sciences)
1975 OS/MVS operating system (for IBM 370 series)
1975 UNIX licensed by Western Electric for academic and commercial sectors
1975 ADA programming language developed for U.S. Dept. of Defense
1975 MDQS (Management Data Query System) developed by Honeywell
1976 Mola multiprocessing language (Niklaus Wirth)
1976 SMALLTALK 76 (Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg, Daniel H. H. Ingalis; Xerox PARC)
1977 CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessors) (Gary Kildall)
1979 VisiCalc electronic spreadsheet software for microcomputers
1979 X-CON (aka RI) expert system (Carnegie-Mellon University)
(used at Digital Equipment Corporation)
1980 INTELLECT natural language query system
(Artificial Intelligence Corporation)
1980 CPF operating system (for IBM System/38 minicomputer)
1980 C++ (Bjarne Stroustrup, Bell Labs)
1981 MS/DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)
developed by Microsoft Corporation) (IBM version called PC/DOS)
1983 KEE (expert systems development tool) IntelliCorp.
198? Objective C (Brad Cox; Stepstone Corporation)
1988 Windows 386 version 2.0 Released by Microsoft Corporation
1990 (April) Windows 3.0 released by Microsoft Corporation
1991 Windows NT Server version 3.1 released by Microsoft Corporation
1994 Windows NT Server version 3.5 released by Microsoft Corporation
1995 Windows 95 (microcomputer operating system and interface, Microsoft Corporation)
1995 JAVA (James Gosling, Sun Microsystems)
1996 Windows NT Server version 4.0 released by Microsoft Corporation
1996 "Inferno" under development by Dennis Ritchie and others
1996 (March) Microsoft’s Active X is released
1996 (October) Sun Microsystems SunSoft division releases JavaBeans
1996 Symantec’s Visual Cafe 1.0 tool (supports JavaBeans model)
1996 Delphi announces JBuilder (formerly code-named Latte)
1996 IBM’s Visual Age (supports JavaBean)
1996 Powersoft announces Jato (originally code-named Starbuck) (supports JavaBeans)
1996 Oracle Corporation announces Sedona, a development tools technology
1997 Microsoft Windows NT 5.0
编程语言历史
《BYTE》：A Brief History of Programming Languages
We’ve come a long way from computers programmed with wires and punch cards. Maybe not as far as some would like, though. Here are the innovations in programming.
ca. 1946
Konrad Zuse , a German engineer working alone while hiding out in the Bavarian Alps, develops Plankalkul. He applies the language to, among other things, chess.
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1949
Short Code , the first computer language actually used on an electronic computing device, appears. It is, however, a "hand-compiled" language.
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1951
Grace Hopper , working for Remington Rand, begins design work on the first widely known compiler, named A-0. When the language is released by Rand in 1957, it is called MATH-MATIC.
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1952
Alick E. Glennie , in his spare time at the University of Manchester, devises a programming system called AUTOCODE, a rudimentary compiler.
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1957
FORTRAN --mathematical FORmula TRANslating system--appears. Heading the team is John Backus, who goes on to contribute to the development of ALGOL and the well-known syntax-specification system known as BNF.
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1958
FORTRAN II appears, able to handle subroutines and links to assembly language. John McCarthy at M.I.T. begins work on LISP--LISt Processing.
The original specification for ALGOL appears. The specific ation does not describe how data will be input or output; that is left to the indivial implementations.
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1959
LISP 1.5 appears. COBOL is created by the Conference on Data Systems and Languages (CODASYL).
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1960
ALGOL 60 , the first block-structured language, appears. This is the root of the family tree that will ultimately proce the likes of Pascal. ALGOL goes on to become the most popular language in Europe in the mid- to late-1960s.
Sometime in the early 1960s , Kenneth Iverson begins work on the language that will become APL--A Programming Language. It uses a specialized character set that, for proper use, requires APL-compatible I/O devices.
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1962
APL is documented in Iverson’s book, A Pro gramming Language .
FORTRAN IV appears.
Work begins on the sure-fire winner of the "clever acronym" award, SNOBOL--StriNg-Oriented symBOlic Language. It will spawn other clever acronyms: FASBOL, a SNOBOL compiler (in 1971), and SPITBOL--SPeedy ImplemenTation of snoBOL--also in 1971.
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1963
ALGOL 60 is revised.
Work begins on PL/1.
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1964
APL\360 is implemented.
At Dartmouth University , professors John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz invent BASIC. The first implementation is a compiler. The first BASIC program runs at about 4:00 a.m. on May 1, 1964.
PL/1 is released.
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1965
SNOBOL3 appears.
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1966
FORTRAN 66 appears.
LISP 2 appears.
Work begins on LOGO at Bolt, Beranek, & Newman. The team is headed by Wally Fuerzeig and includes Seymour Papert. LOGO is best known for its "turtle graphics."
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1967
SNOBOL4 , a much-enhanced SNOBOL, appears.
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1968
ALGOL 68 , a monster compared to ALGOL 60, appears. Some members of the specifications committee--including C.A.R. Hoare and Niklaus Wirth--protest its approval. ALGOL 68 proves difficult to implement.
ALTRAN , a FORTRAN variant, appears.
COBOL is officially defined by ANSI.
Niklaus Wirth begins work on Pascal.
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1969
500 people attend an APL conference at IBM’s headquarters in Armonk, New York. The demands for APL’s distribution are so great that the event is later referred to as "The March on Armonk."
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1970
Sometime in the early 1970s , Charles Moore writes the first significant programs in his new language, Forth.
Work on Prolog begins about this time.
Also sometime in the early 1970s , work on Smalltalk begins at Xerox PARC, led by Alan Kay. Early versions will include Smalltalk-72, Smalltalk-74, and Smalltalk-76.
An implementation of Pascal appears on a CDC 6000-series computer.
Icon , a descendant of SNOBOL4, appears.
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1972
The manuscript for Konrad Zuse’s Plankalkul (see 1946) is finally published.
Denni s Ritchie proces C. The definitive reference manual for it will not appear until 1974.
The first implementation of Prolog -- by Alain Colmerauer and Phillip Roussel -- appears.
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1974
Another ANSI specification for COBOL appears.
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1975
7. MFC串口通讯编程，不会但是必须做，网上东拼西凑之后显示乱码，还是没有达到任务要求。求助：串口通信问题
ReadFile就相当于fread，你随便读个txt文件先试试就知道怎么用了。乱码有可能是你lplnBuffer所指的缓冲区结尾没有”\0“的原因也可能是你工程字符集是Unicode字节的问题改成多字节看看。
写串口通信最简单的办法直接用现成的com组件，网络一下Mscomn很多例子的
8. 我想学习JAVA编程语言
2.语法,,数据类型
3.能编一些小程序..
4.类集
5.JDBC...
6.事件驱动
7.网络.
8.hibernate
9.spring
10.j2ee
编号错了..呵呵...算了不管了..
其实JAVA嘛...很简单...对一个有C基础的人来说
没C基础的人学起来也很简单....
最重要的是要有一个类与对象的概念....
class __Main_Test
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
//最简单的程序的结构
}
}
__Main_Test就是一个类...
而对象呢....对象就是一个类的实体..
比如说人是一个类...人 说起人...你想到的是什么???
人是不是包括你我他...
而你就是一个对象.... 先只要知道这个就行了..
理解了类与对象...学起来会得心应手....看代码也比较轻松...
语法...要知道.....另外其它的一些东西 嘛...其实还得是自己多多去摸...多多去动手...我在这里说的全是你不知道的...是吧...所以说我说出来只能是让你听得迷糊....有问人的功夫..不如先去学最基础的....碰到了实际问题再来求救也不迟....
要是想要资料我可以给你一本我用过的PDF...
你可以发邮件给我:
[email protected]
9. 电脑编程有那几种语言
机器语言，没用过，不过是计算机最底层的语言，直接运行的，debug就是用这种语言
汇编语言，比机器语言高级，但仍然很繁琐
高级语言，就是通常意义上的编程语言，有很多种，列举一些（括号里是对应的编译器）
BASIC(VB),纯C（TurboC），C++（Visual C++，C++Builder），C#（Visual C#），Pascal（Turbo Pascal，Delphi），Java（Sun Java），J#（Visual J#）高级语言有很多，常用的就是这些，
10. opencv编程中错误提示：不存在从mat到cvmat适当的转换函数。
Mat x;
&(cvMat)x就可以得到cvMat的指针了