哈夫曼树编译数据结构

‘壹’ 哈夫曼树及哈夫曼编码的C程序实现(数据结构题)

去年做的课程设计，有什么不合要求的自己改改

#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>

int m,s1,s2;

typedef struct {
unsigned int weight;
unsigned int parent,lchild,rchild;
}HTNode,*HuffmanTree; //动态分配数组存储哈夫曼树
typedef char *HuffmanCode; //动态分配数组存储哈夫曼编码表

void Select(HuffmanTree HT,int n) {
int i,j;
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
if(!HT[i].parent){s1 = i;break;}
for(j = i+1;j <= n;j++)
if(!HT[j].parent){s2 = j;break;}
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
if((HT[s1].weight>HT[i].weight)&&(!HT[i].parent)&&(s2!=i))s1=i;
for(j = 1;j <= n;j++)
if((HT[s2].weight>HT[j].weight)&&(!HT[j].parent)&&(s1!=j))s2=j;
}

void HuffmanCoding(HuffmanTree &HT, HuffmanCode HC[], int *w, int n) {
// 算法6.13
// w存放n个字符的权值(均>0)，构造哈夫曼树HT，
// 并求出n个字符的哈夫曼编码HC
int i, j;
char *cd;
int p;
int cdlen;

if (n<=1) return;
m = 2 * n - 1;
HT = (HuffmanTree)malloc((m+1) * sizeof(HTNode)); // 0号单元未用
for (i=1; i<=n; i++) { //初始化
HT[i].weight=w[i-1];
HT[i].parent=0;
HT[i].lchild=0;
HT[i].rchild=0;
}
for (i=n+1; i<=m; i++) { //初始化
HT[i].weight=0;
HT[i].parent=0;
HT[i].lchild=0;
HT[i].rchild=0;
}
puts("\n哈夫曼树的构造过程如下所示：");
printf("HT初态:\n 结点 weight parent lchild rchild");
for (i=1; i<=m; i++)
printf("\n%4d%8d%8d%8d%8d",i,HT[i].weight,
HT[i].parent,HT[i].lchild, HT[i].rchild);
printf(" 按任意键，继续 ...");
getchar();
for (i=n+1; i<=m; i++) { // 建哈夫曼树
// 在HT[1..i-1]中选择parent为0且weight最小的两个结点，
// 其序号分别为s1和s2。
Select(HT, i-1);
HT[s1].parent = i; HT[s2].parent = i;
HT[i].lchild = s1; HT[i].rchild = s2;
HT[i].weight = HT[s1].weight + HT[s2].weight;
printf("\nselect: s1=%d s2=%d\n", s1, s2);
printf(" 结点 weight parent lchild rchild");
for (j=1; j<=i; j++)
printf("\n%4d%8d%8d%8d%8d",j,HT[j].weight,
HT[j].parent,HT[j].lchild, HT[j].rchild);
printf(" 按任意键，继续 ...");
getchar();
}

//------无栈非递归遍历哈夫曼树，求哈夫曼编码
cd = (char *)malloc(n*sizeof(char)); // 分配求编码的工作空间
p = m; cdlen = 0;
for (i=1; i<=m; ++i) // 遍历哈夫曼树时用作结点状态标志
HT[i].weight = 0;
while (p) {
if (HT[p].weight==0) { // 向左
HT[p].weight = 1;
if (HT[p].lchild != 0) { p = HT[p].lchild; cd[cdlen++] ='0'; }
else if (HT[p].rchild == 0) { // 登记叶子结点的字符的编码
HC[p] = (char *)malloc((cdlen+1) * sizeof(char));
cd[cdlen] ='\0'; strcpy(HC[p], cd); // 复制编码(串)
}
} else if (HT[p].weight==1) { // 向右
HT[p].weight = 2;
if (HT[p].rchild != 0) { p = HT[p].rchild; cd[cdlen++] ='1'; }
} else { // HT[p].weight==2，退回退到父结点，编码长度减1
HT[p].weight = 0; p = HT[p].parent; --cdlen;
}
}
} // HuffmanCoding
void main() {
HuffmanTree HT;HuffmanCode *HC;int *w,n,i;
puts("输入结点数:");
scanf("%d",&n);
HC = (HuffmanCode *)malloc(n*sizeof(HuffmanCode));
w = (int *)malloc(n*sizeof(int));
printf("输入%d个结点的权值\n",n);
for(i = 0;i < n;i++)
scanf("%d",&w[i]);
HuffmanCoding(HT,HC,w,n);
puts("\n各结点的哈夫曼编码:");
for(i = 1;i <= n;i++)
printf("%2d(%4d):%s\n",i,w[i-1],HC[i]);
getchar();
}

‘贰’ 数据结构中哈夫曼树的应用（C语言）

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
typedef int DataType;
#define MaxValue 10000
#define MaxBit 10
#define MaxN 100
#define N 100;
int n1=0;
char c[100];
typedef struct Node
{
DataType data;
struct Node *leftChild;
struct Node *rightChild;
}BiTreeNode;
typedef struct
{
int weight;
int flag;
int parent;
int leftChild;
int rightChild;
}HaffNode;

typedef struct
{
int bit[MaxN];
int start;
int weight;
}Code;

struct worder
{
char words; /*字符*/
}word[100];
struct weighted
{
int weighter; /*转换权值有利于文件的存储*/
}weight[100] ;
void Initiate(BiTreeNode **root) /*初始化二叉树*/
{
*root=(BiTreeNode * )malloc(sizeof(BiTreeNode));
(*root)->leftChild=NULL;
(*root)->rightChild=NULL;
}
BiTreeNode *InsertLeftNode(BiTreeNode *curr,DataType x) /*插入左子树*/
{
BiTreeNode *s,*t;
if(curr==NULL) return NULL;
t=curr->leftChild;
s=(BiTreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(BiTreeNode));
s->data=x;
s->leftChild=t;
s->rightChild=NULL;
curr->leftChild=s;
return curr->leftChild;
}

BiTreeNode *InsertRightNode(BiTreeNode *curr ,DataType x) /*插入右子树*/
{
BiTreeNode *s,*t;
if(curr==NULL)
return NULL;
t=curr->rightChild;
s=(BiTreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(BiTreeNode));
s->data=x;
s->rightChild=t;
s->leftChild=NULL;
curr->rightChild=s;
return curr->rightChild;
}

void Haffman(int weigh[],int n,HaffNode haffTree[],int a[][3]) /*建立哈夫曼树*/
{
int i,j,m1,m2,x1,x2;

for(i=0;i<2*n-1;i++)
{

if(i<n)
haffTree[i].weight=weigh[i];
else haffTree[i].weight=0;
haffTree[i].parent=-1;
haffTree[i].flag=0;
haffTree[i].leftChild=-1;
haffTree[i].rightChild=-1;
}

for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
m1=m2=MaxValue;
x1=x2=0;
for(j=0;j<n+i;j++)
{
if(haffTree[j].weight<m1&&haffTree[j].flag==0)
{
m2=m1;
x2=x1;
m1=haffTree[j].weight;
x1=j;
}
else if(haffTree[j].weight<m2&&haffTree[j].flag==0)
{
m2=haffTree[j].weight;
x2=j;
}
}
haffTree[x1].parent=n+i;
haffTree[x2].parent=n+i;
haffTree[x1].flag=1;
haffTree[x2].flag=1;
haffTree[n+i].weight=haffTree[x1].weight+haffTree[x2].weight;
haffTree[n+i].leftChild=x1;
haffTree[n+i].rightChild=x2;
a[i+1][0]=haffTree[x1].weight;
a[i+1][1]=haffTree[x2].weight; /*将每个权值赋值给二维数组a[][],利用这个二维数组可以进行建立二叉树*/
a[i+1][2]=haffTree[n+i].weight;
}
}

void HaffmanCode(HaffNode haffTree[],int n,Code haffCode[]) /*对已经建立好的哈夫曼树进行编码*/
{
Code *cd=(Code *)malloc(sizeof(Code));
int i,j,child,parent;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cd->start=n-1;
cd->weight=haffTree[i].weight;
child=i;
parent=haffTree[child].parent;
while(parent!=-1)
{
if(haffTree[parent].leftChild==child)
cd->bit[cd->start]=0;
else
cd->bit[cd->start]=1;
cd->start--;
child=parent;
parent=haffTree[child].parent;
}

for(j=cd->start+1;j<n;j++)
haffCode[i].bit[j]=cd->bit[j];
haffCode[i].start=cd->start+1;
haffCode[i].weight=cd->weight;
}
}

void PrintBiTree(BiTreeNode *bt ,int n) /*将哈夫曼树转换成的二叉树进行打印*/
{
int i;
if(bt==NULL)
return;
PrintBiTree(bt->rightChild,n+1);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf(" ");
if(bt->data!=0&&bt->data<100)
{
if(n>0)
{
printf("---");
printf("%d\n\n",bt->data);
}
}
PrintBiTree(bt->leftChild,n+1);
}

int search(int a[][3],int m) /*查找和a[][2]相等的权值*/
{
int i=1;
if(m==1) return 0;
while(a[i][2]!=a[m][0]&&i<m)
i++;
if(i==m) return 0; /*查找失败返回数字0 查找成功返回和a[][2]相等的数的行数 i*/
else return i;
}

int searcher(int a[][3],int m) /*查找和a[][1]相等的权值*/
{
int i=1;
if(m==1) return 0;
while(a[i][2]!=a[m][1]&&i<m) /*查找失败返回数字0 查找成功返回和a[][1]相等的数的行数 i*/
i++;
if(i==m) return 0;
else return i;
}

void creat(BiTreeNode *p,int i,int a[][3]) /*建立哈夫曼树*/（利用递归）
{
int m,n;
BiTreeNode *p1,*p2,*p3;
if(i<=0) return;
p1=p;
if(a[i][0]!=a[i][1]) /*如果a[][0]和a[][1]不相等*/
{
p2=InsertLeftNode(p,a[i][0]); /*a[][0]为左子树*/
n=search(a,i);
if(n)
creat(p2,n,a);
p3=InsertRightNode(p1,a[i][1]); /*a[][1]为右子树*/
m=searcher(a,i);
if(m)
creat(p3,m,a);
} /*如果a[][0]和a[][1]相等则只要进行一个的查找*/
else
{
p2=InsertLeftNode(p,a[i][1]);
n=searcher(a,i);
if(n)
creat(p2,n,a);
p3=InsertRightNode(p1,a[i][1]);
}
}

void code(Code myHaffCode[],int n ) /*编码*/
{
FILE *fp,*fp1,*fp2;
int i=0,k,j;
int text_len = strlen(c);
int *p2;
struct worder *p1;
if((fp2=fopen("CodeFile","wb"))==NULL) /*建立存储编码的文件*/
{
printf("Error,cannot open file\n" );
exit(0);
}
if((fp1=fopen("hfmTree","rb"))==NULL) /*读取存储字符的文件*/
{
printf("\n\n Please,increase records first~!! \n" );
return;
}
for(p1=word;p1<word+n;p1++)
{
fread(p1,sizeof(struct worder),1,fp1) ;
printf("word=%c Weight=%d Code=",p1->words,myHaffCode[i].weight); /*输出每个权值的编码*/
for(j=myHaffCode[i].start;j<n;j++)
printf("%d",myHaffCode[i].bit[j]);
printf("\n");
printf("\n");
i++;
}
j=0;
printf("\n\nThe codes :") ;
for(i=0;i< text_len;i++)
{
while(c[i]!=word[j].words) /*查找字符找到对应的编码*/
{
j++;
}
for(k=myHaffCode[j].start;k<n;k++)
{
printf("%d",myHaffCode[j].bit[k]); /*输出相应的编码*/
fprintf(fp2,"%d",myHaffCode[j].bit[k]);
}
j=0;
}

fclose(fp2);
}

void sava(int n) /*建立文件*/
{
FILE *fp,*fp1,*fp2;
int *p2,i,j;
struct worder *p1;
struct weighted *p3;
if((fp2=fopen("NO.","wb"))==NULL) /*建立存储权值个数的文件*/
{
printf("Error,cannot open file\n" );
exit(0);
}
fprintf(fp2,"%d",n) ;
if((fp=fopen("hfmTree","wb"))==NULL) /*建立存储字符的文件*/
{
printf("Error,cannot open file\n" );
exit(0);
}
for(p1=word;p1<word+n;p1++)
{
if(fwrite(p1,sizeof(struct worder),1,fp)!=1)
printf("file write error\n");
}
fclose(fp);
if((fp1=fopen("hfmTree-1","wb"))==NULL) /*建立存储权值的文件*/
{
printf("Error,cannot open file\n" );
exit(0);
}
for(p3=weight;p3<weight+n;p3++)
{
if(fwrite(p3,sizeof(struct weighted),1,fp1)!=1)
printf("file write error\n");
}
fclose(fp1);
printf("Please input any key !\n") ;

printf("Please input any key !\n") ;
if(n>MaxN)
{
printf("error!\n\n");
exit(0);
}
}

void menu() /*界面*/
{

printf("\n\n\n\t\t*************************************\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t1. To Code:\n\n"); /*编码*/
printf("\t\t\t2. Decoding:\n\n"); /*译码*/
printf("\t\t\t3. Output the huffman Tree:\n\n"); /*打印哈夫曼树*/
printf("\t\t\t4. New data\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t5. Quit up...\n\n");
printf("\n\t\t************************************\n\n");
printf("Input you choice :\n");
}

void main()
{ FILE *fp,*fp1,*fp2,*fp3,*fp4;
int i,j;
int b[100][3],m=100,n,w,k=0,weigh[100];
struct worder *d;
struct weighted *p2;
char h;
BiTreeNode *root,*p;

HaffNode *myHaffTree=(HaffNode *)malloc(sizeof(HaffNode)*(2*m+1));
Code *myHaffCode=(Code *)malloc(sizeof(Code)*m);
Initiate(root);
if(((fp1=fopen("hfmTree","rb"))==NULL)&&((fp=fopen("hfmTree-1","rb"))==NULL))
{
loop:
printf("how many number do you want input?\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
if((fp=fopen("hfmTree-1","wb"))==NULL)
{
printf("Error,cannot open file\n" );
exit(0);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\nword[%d]=",i) ;
scanf("%s",&word[i].words) ;
printf("\nweight[%d]=",i);
scanf("%d",&weight[i].weighter);
}
sava(n) ;
}
else
{
if((fp3=fopen("NO.","rb"))==NULL)
{
printf("\n\n Please,increase records first~!! \n" );
return;
}
fscanf(fp3,"%d",&n);
if((fp=fopen("hfmTree-1","rb"))==NULL)
{
printf("\n\n Please,increase records first~!! \n" );
return;
}
for(p2=weight;p2<weight+n;p2++)
{
fread(p2,sizeof(struct weighted),1,fp) ;
weigh[k]=p2->weighter ;
k++;
}
Haffman(weigh,n,myHaffTree,b);
HaffmanCode(myHaffTree,n,myHaffCode);
while(1)
{
do
{
clrscr();
menu();
scanf("%d",&w);
}while(w!=1&&w!=2&&w!=3&&w!=4&&w!=5);
switch(w)
{
case 1: clrscr();
printf("plesase input :\n");
scanf("%s",&c) ;
if((fp2=fopen("ToBeTran","wb"))==NULL)
{
printf("Error,cannot open file\n" );
exit(0);
}
fprintf(fp2,"%s",c) ;
fclose (fp2);
code(myHaffCode,n) ;
getch();
break;
case 2: if((fp2=fopen("ToBeTran","rb"))==NULL)
{
printf("\n\n Please,increase records first~!! \n" );
return;
}
fscanf(fp2,"%s",&c);
printf("The words:");
printf("%s",c);
if((fp4=fopen("TextFile.","wb"))==NULL)
{
printf("Error,cannot open file\n" );
exit(0);
}
fprintf(fp4,"%s",c) ;
fclose (fp4);
getch();
break;
case 3: clrscr();
printf("The huffman Tree:\n\n\n\n\n\n");
p=InsertLeftNode(root,b[n-1][2]);
creat(p,n-1,b);
PrintBiTree(root->leftChild,n);
printf("\n");
getch();
clrscr();
break;
case 4:goto loop;

case 5:exit(0);
}
}
}
getch();
}