stdargh源码

⑴ 谁能给几到C里关于*图形的几道典型题的源码.

其实TC目录里面有BGIDEMO.c就有所有的图形的画法和源程序
用TC打开BGIDEMO.c这可以了
以下是源码

---------------------------------
/*
GRAPHICS DEMO FOR TURBO C 2.0

Copyright (c) 1987,88 Borland International. All rights reserved.

From the command line, use:

tcc bgidemo graphics.lib

*/

#ifdef __TINY__
#error BGIDEMO will not run in the tiny model.
#endif

#include <dos.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

#include <graphics.h>

#define ESC 0x1b /* Define the escape key */
#define TRUE 1 /* Define some handy constants */
#define FALSE 0 /* Define some handy constants */
#define PI 3.14159 /* Define a value for PI */
#define ON 1 /* Define some handy constants */
#define OFF 0 /* Define some handy constants */

char *Fonts[] = {
"DefaultFont", "TriplexFont", "SmallFont",
"SansSerifFont", "GothicFont"
};

char *LineStyles[] = {
"SolidLn", "DottedLn", "CenterLn", "DashedLn", "UserBitLn"
};

char *FillStyles[] = {
"EmptyFill", "SolidFill", "LineFill", "LtSlashFill",
"SlashFill", "BkSlashFill", "LtBkSlashFill", "HatchFill",
"XHatchFill", "InterleaveFill", "WideDotFill", "CloseDotFill"
};

char *TextDirect[] = {
"HorizDir", "VertDir"
};

char *HorizJust[] = {
"LeftText", "CenterText", "RightText"
};

char *VertJust[] = {
"BottomText", "CenterText", "TopText"
};

struct PTS {
int x, y;
}; /* Structure to hold vertex points */

int GraphDriver; /* The Graphics device driver */
int GraphMode; /* The Graphics mode value */
double AspectRatio; /* Aspect ratio of a pixel on the screen*/
int MaxX, MaxY; /* The maximum resolution of the screen */
int MaxColors; /* The maximum # of colors available */
int ErrorCode; /* Reports any graphics errors */
struct palettetype palette; /* Used to read palette info */

/* */
/* Function prototypes */
/* */

void Initialize(void);
void ReportStatus(void);
void TextDump(void);
void Bar3DDemo(void);
void RandomBars(void);
void TextDemo(void);
void ColorDemo(void);
void ArcDemo(void);
void CircleDemo(void);
void PieDemo(void);
void BarDemo(void);
void LineRelDemo(void);
void PutPixelDemo(void);
void PutImageDemo(void);
void LineToDemo(void);
void LineStyleDemo(void);
void CRTModeDemo(void);
void UserLineStyleDemo(void);
void FillStyleDemo(void);
void FillPatternDemo(void);
void PaletteDemo(void);
void PolyDemo(void);
void SayGoodbye(void);
void Pause(void);
void MainWindow(char *header);
void StatusLine(char *msg);
void DrawBorder(void);
void changetextstyle(int font, int direction, int charsize);
int gprintf(int *xloc, int *yloc, char *fmt, ... );

/* */
/* Begin main function */
/* */

int main()
{

Initialize(); /* Set system into Graphics mode */
ReportStatus(); /* Report results of the initialization */

ColorDemo(); /* Begin actual demonstration */
if( GraphDriver==EGA || GraphDriver==EGALO || GraphDriver==VGA )
PaletteDemo();
PutPixelDemo();
PutImageDemo();
Bar3DDemo();
BarDemo();
RandomBars();
ArcDemo();
CircleDemo();
PieDemo();
LineRelDemo();
LineToDemo();
LineStyleDemo();
UserLineStyleDemo();
TextDump();
TextDemo();
CRTModeDemo();
FillStyleDemo();
FillPatternDemo();
PolyDemo();
SayGoodbye(); /* Give user the closing screen */

closegraph(); /* Return the system to text mode */
return(0);
}

/* */
/* INITIALIZE: Initializes the graphics system and reports */
/* any errors which occured. */
/* */

void Initialize(void)
{
int xasp, yasp; /* Used to read the aspect ratio*/

GraphDriver = DETECT; /* Request auto-detection */
initgraph( &GraphDriver, &GraphMode, "" );
ErrorCode = graphresult(); /* Read result of initialization*/
if( ErrorCode != grOk ){ /* Error occured ring init */
printf(" Graphics System Error: %s\n", grapherrormsg( ErrorCode ) );
exit( 1 );
}

getpalette( &palette ); /* Read the palette from board */
MaxColors = getmaxcolor() + 1; /* Read maximum number of colors*/

MaxX = getmaxx();
MaxY = getmaxy(); /* Read size of screen */

getaspectratio( &xasp, &yasp ); /* read the hardware aspect */
AspectRatio = (double)xasp / (double)yasp; /* Get correction factor */

}

/* */
/* REPORTSTATUS: Report the current configuration of the system */
/* after the auto-detect initialization. */
/* */

void ReportStatus(void)
{
struct viewporttype viewinfo; /* Params for inquiry proceres*/
struct linesettingstype lineinfo;
struct fillsettingstype fillinfo;
struct textsettingstype textinfo;
struct palettetype palette;

char *driver, *mode; /* Strings for driver and mode */
int x, y;

getviewsettings( &viewinfo );
getlinesettings( &lineinfo );
getfillsettings( &fillinfo );
gettextsettings( &textinfo );
getpalette( &palette );

x = 10;
y = 4;

MainWindow( "Status report after InitGraph" );
settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

driver = getdrivername();
mode = getmodename(GraphMode); /* get current setting */

gprintf( &x, &y, "Graphics device : %-20s (%d)", driver, GraphDriver );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Graphics mode : %-20s (%d)", mode, GraphMode );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Screen resolution : ( 0, 0, %d, %d )", getmaxx(), getmaxy() );

gprintf( &x, &y, "Current view port : ( %d, %d, %d, %d )",
viewinfo.left, viewinfo.top, viewinfo.right, viewinfo.bottom );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Clipping : %s", viewinfo.clip ? "ON" : "OFF" );

gprintf( &x, &y, "Current position : ( %d, %d )", getx(), gety() );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Colors available : %d", MaxColors );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Current color : %d", getcolor() );

gprintf( &x, &y, "Line style : %s", LineStyles[ lineinfo.linestyle ] );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Line thickness : %d", lineinfo.thickness );

gprintf( &x, &y, "Current fill style : %s", FillStyles[ fillinfo.pattern ] );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Current fill color : %d", fillinfo.color );

gprintf( &x, &y, "Current font : %s", Fonts[ textinfo.font ] );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Text direction : %s", TextDirect[ textinfo.direction ] );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Character size : %d", textinfo.charsize );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Horizontal justify : %s", HorizJust[ textinfo.horiz ] );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Vertical justify : %s", VertJust[ textinfo.vert ] );

Pause(); /* Pause for user to read screen*/

}

/* */
/* TEXTDUMP: Display the all the characters in each of the */
/* available fonts. */
/* */

void TextDump()
{
static int CGASizes[] = {
1, 3, 7, 3, 3 };
static int NormSizes[] = {
1, 4, 7, 4, 4 };

char buffer[80];
int font, ch, wwidth, lwidth, size;
struct viewporttype vp;

for( font=0 ; font<5 ; ++font ){ /* For each available font */
sprintf( buffer, "%s Character Set", Fonts[font] );
MainWindow( buffer ); /* Display fontname as banner */
getviewsettings( &vp ); /* read current viewport */

settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
moveto( 2, 3 );

buffer[1] = '\0'; /* Terminate string */
wwidth = vp.right - vp.left; /* Determine the window width */
lwidth = textwidth( "H" ); /* Get average letter width */

if( font == DEFAULT_FONT ){
changetextstyle( font, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );
ch = 0;
while( ch < 256 ){ /* For each possible character */
buffer[0] = ch; /* Put character into a string */
outtext( buffer ); /* send string to screen */
if( (getx() + lwidth) > wwidth )
moveto( 2, gety() + textheight("H") + 3 );
++ch; /* Goto the next character */
}
}
else{

size = (MaxY < 200) ? CGASizes[font] : NormSizes[font];
changetextstyle( font, HORIZ_DIR, size );

ch = '!'; /* Begin at 1st printable */
while( ch < 127 ){ /* For each printable character */
buffer[0] = ch; /* Put character into a string */
outtext( buffer ); /* send string to screen */
if( (lwidth+getx()) > wwidth ) /* Are we still in window? */
moveto( 2, gety()+textheight("H")+3 );
++ch; /* Goto the next character */
}

}

Pause(); /* Pause until user acks */

} /* End of FONT loop */

}

/* */
/* BAR3DDEMO: Display a 3-D bar chart on the screen. */
/* */

void Bar3DDemo(void)
{
static int barheight[] = {
1, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 2, 3 };
struct viewporttype vp;
int xstep, ystep;
int i, j, h, color, bheight;
char buffer[10];

MainWindow( "Bar 3-D / Rectangle Demonstration" );

h = 3 * textheight( "H" );
getviewsettings( &vp );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
changetextstyle( TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4 );
outtextxy( MaxX/2, 6, "These are 3-D Bars" );
changetextstyle( DEFAULT_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );
setviewport( vp.left+50, vp.top+40, vp.right-50, vp.bottom-10, 1 );
getviewsettings( &vp );

line( h, h, h, vp.bottom-vp.top-h );
line( h, (vp.bottom-vp.top)-h, (vp.right-vp.left)-h, (vp.bottom-vp.top)-h );
xstep = ((vp.right-vp.left) - (2*h)) / 10;
ystep = ((vp.bottom-vp.top) - (2*h)) / 5;
j = (vp.bottom-vp.top) - h;
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );

for( i=0 ; i<6 ; ++i ){
line( h/2, j, h, j );
itoa( i, buffer, 10 );
outtextxy( 0, j, buffer );
j -= ystep;
}

j = h;
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

for( i=0 ; i<11 ; ++i ){
color = random( MaxColors );
setfillstyle( i+1, color );
line( j, (vp.bottom-vp.top)-h, j, (vp.bottom-vp.top-3)-(h/2) );
itoa( i, buffer, 10 );
outtextxy( j, (vp.bottom-vp.top)-(h/2), buffer );
if( i != 10 ){
bheight = (vp.bottom-vp.top) - h - 1;
bar3d( j, (vp.bottom-vp.top-h)-(barheight[i]*ystep), j+xstep, bheight, 15, 1 );
}
j += xstep;
}

Pause(); /* Pause for user's response */

}

/* */
/* RANDOMBARS: Display random bars */
/* */

void RandomBars(void)
{
int color;

MainWindow( "Random Bars" );
StatusLine( "Esc aborts or press a key..." ); /* Put msg at bottom of screen */
while( !kbhit() ){ /* Until user enters a key... */
color = random( MaxColors-1 )+1;
setcolor( color );
setfillstyle( random(11)+1, color );
bar3d( random( getmaxx() ), random( getmaxy() ),
random( getmaxx() ), random( getmaxy() ), 0, OFF);
}

Pause(); /* Pause for user's response */

}

/* */
/* TEXTDEMO: Show each font in several sizes to the user. */
/* */

void TextDemo(void)
{
int charsize[] = {
1, 3, 7, 3, 4 };
int font, size;
int h, x, y, i;
struct viewporttype vp;
char buffer[80];

for( font=0 ; font<5 ; ++font ){ /* For each of the four fonts */

sprintf( buffer, "%s Demonstration", Fonts[font] );
MainWindow( buffer );
getviewsettings( &vp );

changetextstyle( font, VERT_DIR, charsize[font] );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, BOTTOM_TEXT );
outtextxy( 2*textwidth("M"), vp.bottom - 2*textheight("M"), "Vertical" );

changetextstyle( font, HORIZ_DIR, charsize[font] );
settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
outtextxy( 2*textwidth("M"), 2, "Horizontal" );

settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );
x = (vp.right - vp.left) / 2;
y = textheight( "H" );

for( i=1 ; i<5 ; ++i ){ /* For each of the sizes */
size = (font == SMALL_FONT) ? i+3 : i;
changetextstyle( font, HORIZ_DIR, size );
h = textheight( "H" );
y += h;
sprintf( buffer, "Size %d", size );
outtextxy( x, y, buffer );

}

if( font != DEFAULT_FONT ){ /* Show user declared font size */
y += h / 2; /* Move down the screen */
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
setusercharsize( 5, 6, 3, 2 );
changetextstyle( font, HORIZ_DIR, USER_CHAR_SIZE );
outtextxy( (vp.right-vp.left)/2, y, "User Defined Size" );
}

Pause(); /* Pause to let user look */

} /* End of FONT loop */

}

/* */
/* COLORDEMO: Display the current color palette on the screen. */
/* */

void ColorDemo(void)
{
struct viewporttype vp;
int color, height, width;
int x, y, i, j;
char cnum[5];

MainWindow( "Color Demonstration" ); /* Show demonstration name */

color = 1;
getviewsettings( &vp ); /* Get the current window size */
width = 2 * ( (vp.right+1) / 16 ); /* Get box dimensions */
height = 2 * ( (vp.bottom-10) / 10 );

x = width / 2;
y = height / 2; /* Leave 1/2 box border */

for( j=0 ; j<3 ; ++j ){ /* Row loop */

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; ++i ){ /* Column loop */

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, color); /* Set to solid fill in color */
setcolor( color ); /* Set the same border color */

bar( x, y, x+width, y+height ); /* Draw the rectangle */
rectangle( x, y, x+width, y+height ); /* outline the rectangle */

if( color == BLACK ){ /* If box was black... */
setcolor( WHITE ); /* Set drawing color to white */
rectangle( x, y, x+width, y+height ); /* Outline black in white*/
}

itoa( color, cnum, 10 ); /* Convert # to ASCII */
outtextxy( x+(width/2), y+height+4, cnum ); /* Show color # */

color = ++color % MaxColors; /* Advance to the next color */
x += (width / 2) * 3; /* move the column base */
} /* End of Column loop */

y += (height / 2) * 3; /* move the row base */
x = width / 2; /* reset column base */
} /* End of Row loop */

Pause(); /* Pause for user's response */

}

/* */
/* ARCDEMO: Display a random pattern of arcs on the screen */
/* until the user says enough. */
/* */

void ArcDemo(void)
{
int mradius; /* Maximum radius allowed */
int eangle; /* Random end angle of Arc */
struct arccoordstype ai; /* Used to read Arc Cord info */

MainWindow( "Arc Demonstration" );
StatusLine( "ESC Aborts - Press a Key to stop" );

mradius = MaxY / 10; /* Determine the maximum radius */

while( !kbhit() ){ /* Repeat until a key is hit */
setcolor( random( MaxColors - 1 ) + 1 ); /* Randomly select a color */
eangle = random( 358 ) + 1; /* Select an end angle */
arc( random(MaxX), random(MaxY), random(eangle), eangle, mradius );
getarccoords( &ai ); /* Read Cord data */
line( ai.x, ai.y, ai.xstart, ai.ystart ); /* line from start to center */
line( ai.x, ai.y, ai.xend, ai.yend ); /* line from end to center */
} /* End of WHILE not KBHIT */

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* CIRCLEDEMO: Display a random pattern of circles on the screen */
/* until the user says enough. */
/* */

void CircleDemo(void)
{
int mradius; /* Maximum radius allowed */

MainWindow( "Circle Demonstration" );
StatusLine( "ESC Aborts - Press a Key to stop" );

mradius = MaxY / 10; /* Determine the maximum radius */

while( !kbhit() ){ /* Repeat until a key is hit */
setcolor( random( MaxColors - 1 ) + 1 ); /* Randomly select a color */
circle( random(MaxX), random(MaxY), random(mradius) );
} /* End of WHILE not KBHIT */

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* PIEDEMO: Display a pie chart on the screen. */
/* */

#define adjasp( y ) ((int)(AspectRatio * (double)(y)))
#define torad( d ) (( (double)(d) * PI ) / 180.0 )

void PieDemo(void)
{
struct viewporttype vp;
int xcenter, ycenter, radius, lradius;
int x, y;
double radians, piesize;

MainWindow( "Pie Chart Demonstration" );

getviewsettings( &vp ); /* Get the current viewport */
xcenter = (vp.right - vp.left) / 2; /* Center the Pie horizontally */
ycenter = (vp.bottom - vp.top) / 2+20;/* Center the Pie vertically */
radius = (vp.bottom - vp.top) / 3; /* It will cover 2/3rds screen */
piesize = (vp.bottom - vp.top) / 4.0; /* Optimum height ratio of pie */

while( (AspectRatio*radius) < piesize ) ++radius;

lradius = radius + ( radius / 5 ); /* Labels placed 20% farther */

changetextstyle( TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4 );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
outtextxy( MaxX/2, 6, "This is a Pie Chart" );
changetextstyle( TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

setfillstyle( SOLID_FILL, RED );
pieslice( xcenter+10, ycenter-adjasp(10), 0, 90, radius );
radians = torad( 45 );
x = xcenter + (int)( cos( radians ) * (double)lradius );
y = ycenter - (int)( sin( radians ) * (double)lradius * AspectRatio );
settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, BOTTOM_TEXT );
outtextxy( x, y, "25 %" );

setfillstyle( WIDE_DOT_FILL, GREEN );
pieslice( xcenter, ycenter, 90, 135, radius );
radians = torad( 113 );
x = xcenter + (int)( cos( radians ) * (double)lradius );
y = ycenter - (int)( sin( radians ) * (double)lradius * AspectRatio );
settextjustify( RIGHT_TEXT, BOTTOM_TEXT );
outtextxy( x, y, "12.5 %" );

setfillstyle( INTERLEAVE_FILL, YELLOW );
settextjustify( RIGHT_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );
pieslice( xcenter-10, ycenter, 135, 225, radius );
radians = torad( 180 );
x = xcenter + (int)( cos( radians ) * (double)lradius );
y = ycenter - (int)( sin( radians ) * (double)lradius * AspectRatio );
settextjustify( RIGHT_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );
outtextxy( x, y, "25 %" );

setfillstyle( HATCH_FILL, BLUE );
pieslice( xcenter, ycenter, 225, 360, radius );
radians = torad( 293 );
x = xcenter + (int)( cos( radians ) * (double)lradius );
y = ycenter - (int)( sin( radians ) * (double)lradius * AspectRatio );
settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
outtextxy( x, y, "37.5 %" );

Pause(); /* Pause for user's response */

}

/* */
/* BARDEMO: Draw a 2-D bar chart using Bar and Rectangle. */
/* */

void BarDemo(void)
{
int barheight[] = {
1, 3, 5, 2, 4 };
int styles[] = {
1, 3, 10, 5, 9, 1 };
int xstep, ystep;
int sheight, swidth;
int i, j, h;
struct viewporttype vp;
char buffer[40];

MainWindow( "Bar / Rectangle demonstration" );
h = 3 * textheight( "H" );
getviewsettings( &vp );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
changetextstyle( TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4 );
outtextxy( MaxX /2, 6, "These are 2-D Bars" );
changetextstyle( DEFAULT_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );
setviewport( vp.left+50, vp.top+30, vp.right-50, vp.bottom-10, 1 );

getviewsettings( &vp );
sheight = vp.bottom - vp.top;
swidth = vp.right - vp.left;

line( h, h, h, sheight-h );
line( h, sheight-h, sheight-h, sheight-h );
ystep = (sheight - (2*h) ) / 5;
xstep = (swidth - (2*h) ) / 5;
j = sheight - h;
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );

for( i=0 ; i<6 ; ++i ){
line( h/2, j, h, j );
itoa( i, buffer, 10 );
outtextxy( 0, j, buffer );
j -= ystep;
}

j = h;
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
for( i=0 ; i<6 ; ++i ){
setfillstyle( styles[i], random(MaxColors) );
line( j, sheight - h, j, sheight- 3 - (h/2) );
itoa( i, buffer, 10 );
outtextxy( j, sheight - (h/2), buffer );
if( i != 5 ){
bar( j, (sheight-h)-(barheight[i] * ystep), j+xstep, sheight-h-1 );
rectangle( j, (sheight-h)-(barheight[i] * ystep), j+xstep, sheight-h);
}
j += xstep;
}

Pause();

}

/* */
/* LINERELDEMO: Display pattern using moverel and linerel cmds

⑵ 用c语言程序设计一个简单计算器，求其源代码

#include <dos.h> /*DOS接口函数*/
#include <math.h> /*数学函数的定义*/
#include <conio.h> /*屏幕操作函数*/
#include <stdio.h> /*I/O函数*/
#include <stdlib.h> /*库函数*/
#include <stdarg.h> /*变量长度参数表*/
#include <graphics.h> /*图形函数*/
#include <string.h> /*字符串函数*/
#include <ctype.h> /*字符操作函数*/
#define UP 0x48 /*光标上移键*/
#define DOWN 0x50 /*光标下移键*/
#define LEFT 0x4b /*光标左移键*/
#define RIGHT 0x4d /*光标右移键*/
#define ENTER 0x0d /*回车键*/
void *rar; /*全局变量，保存光标图象*/
struct palettetype palette; /*使用调色板信息*/
int GraphDriver; /* 图形设备驱动*/
int GraphMode; /* 图形模式值*/
int ErrorCode; /* 错误代码*/
int MaxColors; /* 可用颜色的最大数值*/
int MaxX, MaxY; /* 屏幕的最大分辨率*/
double AspectRatio; /* 屏幕的像素比*/
void drawboder(void); /*画边框函数*/
void initialize(void); /*初始化函数*/
void computer(void); /*计算器计算函数*/
void changetextstyle(int font, int direction, int charsize); /*改变文本样式函数*/
void mwindow(char *header); /*窗口函数*/
int specialkey(void) ; /*获取特殊键函数*/
int arrow(); /*设置箭头光标函数*/
/*主函数*/
int main()
{
initialize();/* 设置系统进入图形模式 */
computer(); /*运行计算器 */
closegraph();/*系统关闭图形模式返回文本模式*/
return(0); /*结束程序*/
}
/* 设置系统进入图形模式 */
void initialize(void)
{
int xasp, yasp; /* 用于读x和y方向纵横比*/
GraphDriver = DETECT; /* 自动检测显示器*/
initgraph( &GraphDriver, &GraphMode, "" );
/*初始化图形系统*/
ErrorCode = graphresult(); /*读初始化结果*/
if( ErrorCode != grOk ) /*如果初始化时出现错误*/
{
printf("Graphics System Error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg( ErrorCode ) ); /*显示错误代码*/
exit( 1 ); /*退出*/
}
getpalette( &palette ); /* 读面板信息*/
MaxColors = getmaxcolor() + 1; /* 读取颜色的最大值*/
MaxX = getmaxx(); /* 读屏幕尺寸 */
MaxY = getmaxy(); /* 读屏幕尺寸 */
getaspectratio( &xasp, &yasp ); /* 拷贝纵横比到变量中*/
AspectRatio = (double)xasp/(double)yasp;/* 计算纵横比值*/
}
/*计算器函数*/
void computer(void)
{
struct viewporttype vp; /*定义视口类型变量*/
int color, height, width;
int x, y,x0,y0, i, j,v,m,n,act,flag=1;
float num1=0,num2=0,result; /*操作数和计算结果变量*/
char cnum[5],str2[20]={""},c,temp[20]={""};
char str1[]="1230.456+-789*/Qc=^%";/* 定义字符串在按钮图形上显示的符号 */
mwindow( "Calculator" ); /* 显示主窗口 */
color = 7; /*设置灰颜色值*/
getviewsettings( &vp ); /* 读取当前窗口的大小*/
width=(vp.right+1)/10; /* 设置按钮宽度 */
height=(vp.bottom-10)/10 ; /*设置按钮高度 */
x = width /2; /*设置x的坐标值*/
y = height/2; /*设置y的坐标值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, color+3);
bar( x+width*2, y, x+7*width, y+height );
/*画一个二维矩形条显示运算数和结果*/
setcolor( color+3 ); /*设置淡绿颜色边框线*/
rectangle( x+width*2, y, x+7*width, y+height );
/*画一个矩形边框线*/
setcolor(RED); /*设置颜色为红色*/
outtextxy(x+3*width,y+height/2,"0."); /*输出字符串"0."*/
x =2*width-width/2; /*设置x的坐标值*/
y =2*height+height/2; /*设置y的坐标值*/
for( j=0 ; j<4 ; ++j ) /*画按钮*/
{
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; ++i )
{
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, color);
setcolor(RED);
bar( x, y, x+width, y+height ); /*画一个矩形条*/
rectangle( x, y, x+width, y+height );
sprintf(str2,"%c",str1[j*5+i]);
/*将字符保存到str2中*/
outtextxy( x+(width/2), y+height/2, str2);
x =x+width+ (width / 2) ; /*移动列坐标*/
}
y +=(height/2)*3; /* 移动行坐标*/
x =2*width-width/2; /*复位列坐标*/
}
x0=2*width;
y0=3*height;
x=x0;
y=y0;
gotoxy(x,y); /*移动光标到x,y位置*/
arrow(); /*显示光标*/
putimage(x,y,rar,XOR_PUT);
m=0;
n=0;
strcpy(str2,""); /*设置str2为空串*/
while((v=specialkey())!=45) /*当压下Alt+x键结束程序，否则执行下面的循环*/
{
while((v=specialkey())!=ENTER) /*当压下键不是回车时*/
{
putimage(x,y,rar,XOR_PUT); /*显示光标图象*/
if(v==RIGHT) /*右移箭头时新位置计算*/
if(x>=x0+6*width)
/*如果右移，移到尾，则移动到最左边字符位置*/
{
x=x0;
m=0;
}
else
{
x=x+width+width/2;
m++;
} /*否则，右移到下一个字符位置*/
if(v==LEFT) /*左移箭头时新位置计算*/
if(x<=x0)
{
x=x0+6*width;
m=4;
} /*如果移到头，再左移，则移动到最右边字符位置*/
else
{
x=x-width-width/2;
m--;
} /*否则，左移到前一个字符位置*/
if(v==UP) /*上移箭头时新位置计算*/
if(y<=y0)
{
y=y0+4*height+height/2;
n=3;
} /*如果移到头，再上移，则移动到最下边字符位置*/
else
{
y=y-height-height/2;
n--;
} /*否则，移到上边一个字符位置*/
if(v==DOWN) /*下移箭头时新位置计算*/
if(y>=7*height)
{
y=y0;
n=0;
} /*如果移到尾，再下移，则移动到最上边字符位置*/
else
{
y=y+height+height/2;
n++;
} /*否则，移到下边一个字符位置*/
putimage(x,y,rar,XOR_PUT); /*在新的位置显示光标箭头*/
}
c=str1[n*5+m]; /*将字符保存到变量c中*/
if(isdigit(c)||c=='.') /*判断是否是数字或小数点*/
{
if(flag==-1) /*如果标志为-1，表明为负数*/
{
strcpy(str2,"-"); /*将负号连接到字符串中*/
flag=1;
} /*将标志值恢复为1*/
sprintf(temp,"%c",c); /*将字符保存到字符串变量temp中*/
strcat(str2,temp); /*将temp中的字符串连接到str2中*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3);
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2);
outtextxy(5*width,height,str2); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='+')
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第一个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=1; /*做计算加法标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3);
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2);
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='-')
{
if(strcmp(str2,"")==0) /*如果str2为空，说明是负号，而不是减号*/
flag=-1; /*设置负数标志*/
else
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=2; /*做计算减法标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3);
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2); /*画矩形*/
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
}
if(c=='*')
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=3; /*做计算乘法标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3); bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2);
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='/')
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=4; /*做计算除法标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3);
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2);
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='^')
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=5; /*做计算乘方标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3); /*设置用淡绿色实体填充*/
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2); /*画矩形*/
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='%')
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=6; /*做计算模运算乘方标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3); /*设置用淡绿色实体填充*/
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2); /*画矩形*/
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='=')
{
num2=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
switch(act) /*根据运算符号计算*/
{
case 1:result=num1+num2;break; /*做加法*/
case 2:result=num1-num2;break; /*做减法*/
case 3:result=num1*num2;break; /*做乘法*/
case 4:result=num1/num2;break; /*做除法*/
case 5:result=pow(num1,num2);break; /*做x的y次方*/
case 6:result=fmod(num1,num2);break; /*做模运算*/
}
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3); /*设置用淡绿色实体填充*/
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2); /*覆盖结果区*/
sprintf(temp,"%f",result); /*将结果保存到temp中*/
outtextxy(5*width,height,temp); /*显示结果*/
}
if(c=='c')
{
num1=0; /*将两个操作数复位0，符号标志为1*/
num2=0;
flag=1;
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3); /*设置用淡绿色实体填充*/
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2); /*覆盖结果区*/
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='Q')exit(0); /*如果选择了q回车，结束计算程序*/
}
putimage(x,y,rar,XOR_PUT); /*在退出之前消去光标箭头*/
return; /*返回*/
}
/*窗口函数*/
void mwindow( char *header )
{
int height;
cleardevice(); /* 清除图形屏幕 */
setcolor( MaxColors - 1 ); /* 设置当前颜色为白色*/
setviewport( 20, 20, MaxX/2, MaxY/2, 1 ); /* 设置视口大小 */
height = textheight( "H" ); /* 读取基本文本大小 */
settextstyle( DEFAULT_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );/*设置文本样式*/
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );/*设置字符排列方式*/
outtextxy( MaxX/4, 2, header ); /*输出标题*/
setviewport( 20,20+height+4, MaxX/2+4, MaxY/2+20, 1 ); /*设置视口大小*/
drawboder(); /*画边框*/
}
void drawboder(void) /*画边框*/
{
struct viewporttype vp; /*定义视口类型变量*/
setcolor( MaxColors - 1 ); /*设置当前颜色为白色 */
setlinestyle( SOLID_LINE, 0, NORM_WIDTH );/*设置画线方式*/
getviewsettings( &vp );/*将当前视口信息装入vp所指的结构中*/
rectangle( 0, 0, vp.right-vp.left, vp.bottom-vp.top ); /*画矩形边框*/
}
/*设计鼠标图形函数*/
int arrow()
{
int size;
int raw[]={4,4,4,8,6,8,14,16,16,16,8,6,8,4,4,4}; /*定义多边形坐标*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,2); /*设置填充模式*/
fillpoly(8,raw); /*画出一光标箭头*/
size=imagesize(4,4,16,16); /*测试图象大小*/
rar=malloc(size); /*分配内存区域*/
getimage(4,4,16,16,rar); /*存放光标箭头图象*/
putimage(4,4,rar,XOR_PUT); /*消去光标箭头图象*/
return 0;
}
/*按键函数*/
int specialkey(void)
{
int key;
while(bioskey(1)==0); /*等待键盘输入*/
key=bioskey(0); /*键盘输入*/
key=key&0xff? key&0xff:key>>8; /*只取特殊键的扫描值，其余为0*/
return(key); /*返回键值*/
}

⑶ #include <stdarg.h>这个头文件是什么意思

stdarg.h是C语言中C标准函式库的标头档，stdarg是由standard(标准) arguments(参数)简化而来，主要目的为让函式能够接收不定量参数

⑷ 如何本地安装SIFT

SIFT的实现有很多版本，具体方式都是那么几个，找个好用的不太容易，因为对于代码不熟练者各种版本用起来都有点水土不服，需要调整调整才行。本人是在VS2010下使用的Rob Hess的源码。

一、前提

安装Opencv，详见：VS2010+Opencv-2.4.0的配置攻略（该版本SIFT是基于Opencv的）。

下载SIFT源码，见Rob Hess的主页（别告诉我不懂英文不知道下载链接在哪，下那个Windows VC++的版本 sift-latest_win.zip）。

二、测试

1、解压sift源码，发现有如下文件：

5、C语法设定：分别打开imgfeatures.h和sift.h，让所有函数包含在

#ifdef __cplusplusextern"C"{#endif

和

#ifdef __cplusplus }#endif

之间。例如：

View Code

... #ifdef __cplusplusextern"C"{#endif...externintsift_features( IplImage* img,structfeature**feat ); ...externint_sift_features( IplImage* img,structfeature** feat,intintvls,doublesigma,doublecontr_thr,intcurv_thr,intimg_dbl,intdescr_width,intdescr_hist_bins ); #ifdef __cplusplus }#endif#endif

PS：我只是用了_sift_features(...)等几个函数，所以只加了两个头文件的C语法声明，如果是用了其他的头文件，均需要添加。

6、综上，你应该可以直接使用sift相关函数了，参照siftfeat.c中的写法，用用_sift_features(...)试试！
实际上如果只需要使用SIFT特征提取的函数，前面几步只需要复制imgfeatures.c imgfeatures.h sift.c sift.h utils.c utils.h这6个文件就够了

⑸ 那位大侠能告诉在下在 include文件中的stdio.h 里面的代码是什么意识啊

定义头文件标识符
#ifndef _STDIO_H_ //如果没有定义 _STDIO_H
#define _STDIO_H_ //就定义_STDIO_H，如果已经定义了，就不再定义
#include <_mingw.h> //包含mingw.h
定义size_t,wchar_t,NULL等类型，下面类推
#ifndef RC_INVOKED
#define __need_size_t
#define __need_NULL
#define __need_wchar_t
#define __need_wint_t
#include <stddef.h>
#define __need___va_list
#include <stdarg.h>
#endif

⑹ 如何在gluster的源码中添加自己的xlator

glusterfs中主线为xlator，几乎每一个大的功能点，或者性能，都可以以xlator形式参与进glusterfs中，那么xlator的开发就必不可少，所以，这里介绍一下简单的向glusterfs中增加xlator的方法，首先创建一个卷testvol
[root@CM addxlator]# mkdir /opt/test
[root@CM addxlator]# gluster volume create testvol 192.168.0.194:/opt/test force
volume create: testvol: success: please start the volume to access data
[root@CM addxlator]# gluster volume info all

Volume Name: testvol
Type: Distribute
Volume ID: f0ef2a09-09c0-4a84-aeb6-3f2e0aebf4c2
Status: Created
Number of Bricks: 1
Transport-type: tcp
Bricks:
Brick1: 192.168.0.194:/opt/test
[root@CM addxlator]#
[root@CM addxlator]# gluster volume start testvol force
volume start: testvol: success
[root@CM addxlator]#

创建成功后，可以查看volume file中的内容
cat /var/lib/glusterd/vols/testvol/testvol-fuse.vol
volume testvol-client-0
type protocol/client
option transport-type tcp
option remote-subvolume /opt/test
option remote-host 192.168.0.194
end-volume

volume testvol-dht
type cluster/distribute
subvolumes testvol-client-0
end-volume

volume testvol-write-behind
type performance/write-behind
subvolumes testvol-dht
end-volume

volume testvol-read-ahead
type performance/read-ahead
subvolumes testvol-write-behind
end-volume

volume testvol-io-cache
type performance/io-cache
subvolumes testvol-read-ahead
end-volume

volume testvol-quick-read
type performance/quick-read
subvolumes testvol-io-cache
end-volume

volume testvol-open-behind
type performance/open-behind
subvolumes testvol-quick-read
end-volume

volume testvol-md-cache
type performance/md-cache
subvolumes testvol-open-behind
end-volume

volume testvol
type debug/io-stats
option count-fop-hits off
option latency-measurement off
subvolumes testvol-md-cache
end-volume

这个配置为默认的配置，接下来需要将自己的xlator增加入该配置中，根据之前所提到过的xlator_dyload的过程，需要修改这个volume file，来增加xlator，修改配置如下：
volume testvol-client-0
type protocol/client
option transport-type tcp
option remote-subvolume /opt/test
option remote-host 192.168.0.194
end-volume

volume testvol-dht
type cluster/distribute
subvolumes testvol-client-0
end-volume

volume testvol-write-behind
type performance/write-behind
subvolumes testvol-dht
end-volume

volume testvol-read-ahead
type performance/read-ahead
subvolumes testvol-write-behind
end-volume

volume testvol-io-cache
type performance/io-cache
subvolumes testvol-read-ahead
end-volume

volume testvol-quick-read
type performance/quick-read
subvolumes testvol-io-cache
end-volume

volume testvol-open-behind
type performance/open-behind
subvolumes testvol-quick-read
end-volume

volume testvol-md-cache
type performance/md-cache
subvolumes testvol-open-behind
end-volume volume testvol-test
type debug/test
subvolumes testvol-md-cache
end-volume volume testvol
type debug/io-stats
option count-fop-hits off
option latency-measurement off
subvolumes testvol-test
end-volume

可以看到，配置中多了个testvol-test这么一层，接下来将glusterfs挂载至挂载点查看输出log
[root@CM addxlator]#
[root@CM addxlator]# mount -t glusterfs 192.168.0.194:testvol /media
[root@CM addxlator]#
查看gluster挂载到的挂载点对应的log输出信息
cat /usr/local/var/log/glusterfs/media.log
[2013-06-10 11:00:29.899440] I [glusterfsd.c:1878:main] 0-/usr/local/sbin/glusterfs: Started running /usr/local/sbin/glusterfs version 3git (/usr/local/sbin/glusterfs --volfile-id=testvol --volfile-server=192.168.0.194 /media)
[2013-06-10 11:00:29.903627] I [socket.c:3515:socket_init] 0-glusterfs: SSL support is NOT enabled
[2013-06-10 11:00:29.903823] I [socket.c:3530:socket_init] 0-glusterfs: using system polling thread
[2013-06-10 11:00:29.909423] E [test.c:54:init] 0-testvol-test: test translator loaded
[2013-06-10 11:00:29.909718] I [dht-shared.c:311:dht_init_regex] 0-testvol-dht: using regex rsync-hash-regex = ^\.(.+)\.[^.]+$
[2013-06-10 11:00:29.911047] I [socket.c:3515:socket_init] 0-testvol-client-0: SSL support is NOT enabled
[2013-06-10 11:00:29.911173] I [socket.c:3530:socket_init] 0-testvol-client-0: using system polling thread
[2013-06-10 11:00:29.911218] I [client.c:2236:notify] 0-testvol-client-0: parent translators are ready, attempting connect on transport
Final graph:
经过查看log，可以看到test模块中的打印输出， in test translator lookup
接下来查看描述一下外挂xlator的方式
首先现在glusterfs的源代码，编译以后，在本地也就存在了glusterfs的开发环境，为了开发调试方便，可暂不将xlator存于glusterfs工程中，这时可以编写一个Makefile
首先建立一个目录
mkdir addxlator_sample
cd addxlator_sample
Makefile中内容可如下：
#Add translator into glusterfs volume file
#Author Steven Liu
#E-mail [email protected]
#Blog: http://blog.fs-linux.org

TARGET = test.so
OBJECTS = test.o

GLUSTERFS_SRC = /opt/glusterfs
GLUSTERFS_LIB = /usr/local/lib
HOST_OS = HF_LINUX_HOST_OS

CFLAGS = -fPIC -Wall -O0 -g \
-DHAVE_CONFIG_H -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_GNU_SOURCE -D$(HOST_OS) \
-I$(GLUSTERFS_SRC) -I$(GLUSTERFS_SRC)/libglusterfs/src \
-I$(GLUSTERFS_SRC)/contrib/uuid

LDFLAGS = -shared -nostartfiles -L$(GLUSTERFS_LIB) -lglusterfs -lpthread

$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(TARGET)

clean:
rm -rf $(TARGET) $(OBJECTS)
Makefile编写完成之后，需要OBJECTS，这时需要编写test.c来保证编译通过，当然，test这个xlator也需要在这里生成
#ifndef _CONFIG_H
#define _CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#include "xlator.h"
#endif

#include <fnmatch.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "glusterfs.h"
#include "xlator.h"
#include <stdarg.h>
#include "defaults.h"
#include "logging.h"

int test_lookup_cbk (call_frame_t *frame, void *cookie, xlator_t *this,
int32_t op_ret, int32_t op_errno,
inode_t *inode, struct iatt *buf,
dict_t *xdata, struct iatt *postparent)
{
STACK_UNWIND_STRICT (lookup, frame, op_ret, op_errno, inode, buf, xdata,
postparent);
return 0;
}

static int test_lookup(call_frame_t *frame, xlator_t *this, loc_t *loc, dict_t *xdata)
{
gf_log(this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR, "in test translator lookup");
STACK_WIND (frame, test_lookup_cbk,
FIRST_CHILD(this), FIRST_CHILD(this)->fops->lookup,
loc, xdata);
return 0;
}

static int test_stat (call_frame_t *frame, xlator_t *this, loc_t *loc, dict_t *xdata)
{
gf_log(this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR, "in test translator stat");
return 0;
}

int
reconfigure (xlator_t *this, dict_t *options)
{
return 0;
}

int
init (xlator_t *this)
{
struct ios_conf *conf = NULL;
int ret = -1;

gf_log (this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR, "test translator loaded");
if (!this)
return -1;

if (!this->children) {
gf_log (this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR,
"test translator requires atleast one subvolume");
return -1;
}

if (!this->parents) {
gf_log (this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR, "dangling volume. check volfile ");
}

conf = this->private;

this->private = conf;
ret = 0;
return ret;
}

void
fini (xlator_t *this)
{
struct ios_conf *conf = NULL;

if (!this)
return;

conf = this->private;

if (!conf)
return;
this->private = NULL;

GF_FREE(conf);
gf_log (this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR, "test translator unloaded");
return;
}

int
notify (xlator_t *this, int32_t event, void *data, ...)
{
default_notify (this, event, data);
return 0;
}

struct xlator_fops fops = {
.stat = test_stat,
.lookup = test_lookup,
};

struct xlator_cbks cbks = {
};

struct volume_options options[] = {
};
目前仅用于测试的xlator而已，所以自己定义了lookup与stat，还有lookup_cbk，其他的并未定义，全部走default，这个原理在之前已经提到过。
然后执行make既可生成对应的xlator文件
Makefile test.c test.o test.so
将test.so复制至/usr/local/lib/glusterfs/3git/xlator/debug中
然后执行glusterfs的客户端，mount至挂载节点，如果成功，可以查看log，整个过程成功矣~~！
转载

⑺ fprintf的源代码是怎么写的不是原型

/***
*fprintf.c - print formatted data to stream
*
* Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
*Purpose:
* defines fprintf() - print formatted data to stream
*
*******************************************************************************/

#include <cruntime.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <dbgint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <file2.h>
#include <internal.h>
#include <mtdll.h>

/***
*int fprintf(stream, format, ...) - print formatted data
*
*Purpose:
* Prints formatted data on the given using the format string to
* format data and getting as many arguments as called for
* _output does the real work here
*
*Entry:
* FILE *stream - stream to print on
* char *format - format string to control data format/number of arguments
* followed by arguments to print, number and type controlled by
* format string
*
*Exit:
* returns number of characters printed
*
*Exceptions:
*
*******************************************************************************/

int __cdecl fprintf (
FILE *str,
const char *format,
...
)
/*
* 'F'ile (stream) 'PRINT', 'F'ormatted
*/
{
va_list(arglist);
REG1 FILE *stream;
REG2 int buffing;
int retval;

va_start(arglist, format);

_ASSERTE(str != NULL);
_ASSERTE(format != NULL);

/* Init stream pointer */
stream = str;

#ifdef _MT
_lock_str(stream);
__try {
#endif /* _MT */

buffing = _stbuf(stream);
retval = _output(stream,format,arglist);
_ftbuf(buffing, stream);

#ifdef _MT
}
__finally {
_unlock_str(stream);
}
#endif /* _MT */

return(retval);
}

在 windows 平台，VC编译器中，源码是这样的，可以在开发环境工作目录：
D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\Vc7\crt\src\fprintf.c
找到，我安装在 D 盘了，用的 VS2003。这个函数跟下去找，会发现最后写文件调用的 WriteFile 这个API

注意：不同的开发环境编译器，不同的操作系统，具体代码不尽相同

⑻ stdarg.h的介绍

stdarg.h是C语言中C标准函数库的头文件，stdarg是由standard（标准） arguments（参数）简化而来，主要目的为让函数能够接收可变参数。C++的cstdarg头文件中也提供这样的功能；虽然与C的头文件是兼容的，但是也有冲突存在。可变参数函数(Variadic functions)是stdarg.h内容典型的应用，虽然也可以使用在其他由可变参数函数调用的函数(例如，vprintf)。

⑼ stdarg.h的varargs.h

POSIX定义所遗留下的头文件varargs.h，它早在C标准化前就已经开始使用了且提供类似stdarg.h的功能。MSDN明确指出这一头文件已经过时，完全被stdarg.h取代。这个头文件不属于ISO C的一部分。文件定义在单一UNIX规范的第二个版本中。
由于varargs.h不属于标准C，所以不对其详细说明。

⑽ 初级C语言源代码

好的哦
#define N 200
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dos.h>
#define LEFT 0x4b00
#define RIGHT 0x4d00
#define DOWN 0x5000
#define UP 0x4800
#define ESC 0x011b
int i,key;
int score=0;/*得分*/
int gamespeed=50000;/*游戏速度自己调整*/
struct Food
{
int x;/*食物的横坐标*/
int y;/*食物的纵坐标*/
int yes;/*判断是否要出现食物的变量*/
}food;/*食物的结构体*/
struct Snake
{
int x[N];
int y[N];
int node;/*蛇的节数*/
int direction;/*蛇移动方向*/
int life;/* 蛇的生命,0活着,1死亡*/
}snake;
void Init(void);/*图形驱动*/
void Close(void);/*图形结束*/
void DrawK(void);/*开始画面*/
void GameOver(void);/*结束游戏*/
void GamePlay(void);/*玩游戏具体过程*/
void PrScore(void);/*输出成绩*/
/*主函数*/
void main(void)
{
Init();/*图形驱动*/
DrawK();/*开始画面*/
GamePlay();/*玩游戏具体过程*/
Close();/*图形结束*/
}
/*图形驱动*/
void Init(void)
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc");
cleardevice();
}
/*开始画面，左上角坐标为（50，40），右下角坐标为（610，460）的围墙*/
void DrawK(void)
{
/*setbkcolor(LIGHTGREEN);*/
setcolor(11);
setlinestyle(SOLID_LINE,0,THICK_WIDTH);/*设置线型*/
for(i=50;i<=600;i+=10)/*画围墙*/
{
rectangle(i,40,i+10,49); /*上边*/
rectangle(i,451,i+10,460);/*下边*/
}
for(i=40;i<=450;i+=10)
{
rectangle(50,i,59,i+10); /*左边*/
rectangle(601,i,610,i+10);/*右边*/
}
}
/*玩游戏具体过程*/
void GamePlay(void)
{
randomize();/*随机数发生器*/
food.yes=1;/*1表示需要出现新食物,0表示已经存在食物*/
snake.life=0;/*活着*/
snake.direction=1;/*方向往右*/
snake.x[0]=100;snake.y[0]=100;/*蛇头*/
snake.x[1]=110;snake.y[1]=100;
snake.node=2;/*节数*/
PrScore();/*输出得分*/
while(1)/*可以重复玩游戏,压ESC键结束*/
{
while(!kbhit())/*在没有按键的情况下,蛇自己移动身体*/
{
if(food.yes==1)/*需要出现新食物*/
{
food.x=rand()%400+60;
food.y=rand()%350+60;
while(food.x%10!=0)/*食物随机出现后必须让食物能够在整格内,这样才可以让蛇吃到*/
food.x++;
while(food.y%10!=0)
food.y++;
food.yes=0;/*画面上有食物了*/
}
if(food.yes==0)/*画面上有食物了就要显示*/
{
setcolor(GREEN);
rectangle(food.x,food.y,food.x+10,food.y-10);
}
for(i=snake.node-1;i>0;i--)/*蛇的每个环节往前移动,也就是贪吃蛇的关键算法*/
{
snake.x[i]=snake.x[i-1];
snake.y[i]=snake.y[i-1];
}
/*1,2,3,4表示右,左,上,下四个方向,通过这个判断来移动蛇头*/
switch(snake.direction)
{
case 1:snake.x[0]+=10;break;
case 2: snake.x[0]-=10;break;
case 3: snake.y[0]-=10;break;
case 4: snake.y[0]+=10;break;
}
for(i=3;i<snake.node;i++)/*从蛇的第四节开始判断是否撞到自己了，因为蛇头为两节，第三节不可能拐过来*/
{
if(snake.x[i]==snake.x[0]&&snake.y[i]==snake.y[0])
{
GameOver();/*显示失败*/
snake.life=1;
break;
}
}
if(snake.x[0]<55||snake.x[0]>595||snake.y[0]<55||
snake.y[0]>455)/*蛇是否撞到墙壁*/
{
GameOver();/*本次游戏结束*/
snake.life=1; /*蛇死*/
}
if(snake.life==1)/*以上两种判断以后,如果蛇死就跳出内循环，重新开始*/
break;
if(snake.x[0]==food.x&&snake.y[0]==food.y)/*吃到食物以后*/
{
setcolor(0);/*把画面上的食物东西去掉*/
rectangle(food.x,food.y,food.x+10,food.y-10);
snake.x[snake.node]=-20;snake.y[snake.node]=-20;
/*新的一节先放在看不见的位置,下次循环就取前一节的位置*/
snake.node++;/*蛇的身体长一节*/
food.yes=1;/*画面上需要出现新的食物*/
score+=10;
PrScore();/*输出新得分*/
}
setcolor(4);/*画出蛇*/
for(i=0;i<snake.node;i++)
rectangle(snake.x[i],snake.y[i],snake.x[i]+10,
snake.y[i]-10);
delay(gamespeed);
setcolor(0);/*用黑色去除蛇的的最后一节*/
rectangle(snake.x[snake.node-1],snake.y[snake.node-1],
snake.x[snake.node-1]+10,snake.y[snake.node-1]-10);
} /*endwhile（！kbhit）*/
if(snake.life==1)/*如果蛇死就跳出循环*/
break;
key=bioskey(0);/*接收按键*/
if(key==ESC)/*按ESC键退出*/
break;
else
if(key==UP&&snake.direction!=4)
/*判断是否往相反的方向移动*/
snake.direction=3;
else
if(key==RIGHT&&snake.direction!=2)
snake.direction=1;
else
if(key==LEFT&&snake.direction!=1)
snake.direction=2;
else
if(key==DOWN&&snake.direction!=3)
snake.direction=4;
}/*endwhile(1)*/
}
/*游戏结束*/
void GameOver(void)
{
cleardevice();
PrScore();
setcolor(RED);
settextstyle(0,0,4);
outtextxy(200,200,"GAME OVER");
getch();
}
/*输出成绩*/
void PrScore(void)
{
char str[10];
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,YELLOW);
bar(50,15,220,35);
setcolor(6);
settextstyle(0,0,2);
sprintf(str,"score:%d",score);
outtextxy(55,20,str);
}
/*图形结束*/
void Close(void)
{
getch();
closegraph();
}
#include <dos.h> /*DOS接口函数*/
#include <math.h> /*数学函数的定义*/
#include <conio.h> /*屏幕操作函数*/
#include <stdio.h> /*I/O函数*/
#include <stdlib.h> /*库函数*/
#include <stdarg.h> /*变量长度参数表*/
#include <graphics.h> /*图形函数*/
#include <string.h> /*字符串函数*/
#include <ctype.h> /*字符操作函数*/
#define UP 0x48 /*光标上移键*/
#define DOWN 0x50 /*光标下移键*/
#define LEFT 0x4b /*光标左移键*/
#define RIGHT 0x4d /*光标右移键*/
#define ENTER 0x0d /*回车键*/
void *rar; /*全局变量，保存光标图象*/
struct palettetype palette; /*使用调色板信息*/
int GraphDriver; /* 图形设备驱动*/
int GraphMode; /* 图形模式值*/
int ErrorCode; /* 错误代码*/
int MaxColors; /* 可用颜色的最大数值*/
int MaxX, MaxY; /* 屏幕的最大分辨率*/
double AspectRatio; /* 屏幕的像素比*/
void drawboder(void); /*画边框函数*/
void initialize(void); /*初始化函数*/
void computer(void); /*计算器计算函数*/
void changetextstyle(int font, int direction, int charsize); /*改变文本样式函数*/
void mwindow(char *header); /*窗口函数*/
int specialkey(void) ; /*获取特殊键函数*/
int arrow(); /*设置箭头光标函数*/
/*主函数*/
int main()
{
initialize();/* 设置系统进入图形模式 */
computer(); /*运行计算器 */
closegraph();/*系统关闭图形模式返回文本模式*/
return(0); /*结束程序*/
}
/* 设置系统进入图形模式 */
void initialize(void)
{
int xasp, yasp; /* 用于读x和y方向纵横比*/
GraphDriver = DETECT; /* 自动检测显示器*/
initgraph( &GraphDriver, &GraphMode, "" );
/*初始化图形系统*/
ErrorCode = graphresult(); /*读初始化结果*/
if( ErrorCode != grOk ) /*如果初始化时出现错误*/
{
printf("Graphics System Error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg( ErrorCode ) ); /*显示错误代码*/
exit( 1 ); /*退出*/
}
getpalette( &palette ); /* 读面板信息*/
MaxColors = getmaxcolor() + 1; /* 读取颜色的最大值*/
MaxX = getmaxx(); /* 读屏幕尺寸 */
MaxY = getmaxy(); /* 读屏幕尺寸 */
getaspectratio( &xasp, &yasp ); /* 拷贝纵横比到变量中*/
AspectRatio = (double)xasp/(double)yasp;/* 计算纵横比值*/
}
/*计算器函数*/
void computer(void)
{
struct viewporttype vp; /*定义视口类型变量*/
int color, height, width;
int x, y,x0,y0, i, j,v,m,n,act,flag=1;
float num1=0,num2=0,result; /*操作数和计算结果变量*/
char cnum[5],str2[20]={""},c,temp[20]={""};
char str1[]="1230.456+-789*/Qc=^%";/* 定义字符串在按钮图形上显示的符号 */
mwindow( "Calculator" ); /* 显示主窗口 */
color = 7; /*设置灰颜色值*/
getviewsettings( &vp ); /* 读取当前窗口的大小*/
width=(vp.right+1)/10; /* 设置按钮宽度 */
height=(vp.bottom-10)/10 ; /*设置按钮高度 */
x = width /2; /*设置x的坐标值*/
y = height/2; /*设置y的坐标值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, color+3);
bar( x+width*2, y, x+7*width, y+height );
/*画一个二维矩形条显示运算数和结果*/
setcolor( color+3 ); /*设置淡绿颜色边框线*/
rectangle( x+width*2, y, x+7*width, y+height );
/*画一个矩形边框线*/
setcolor(RED); /*设置颜色为红色*/
outtextxy(x+3*width,y+height/2,"0."); /*输出字符串"0."*/
x =2*width-width/2; /*设置x的坐标值*/
y =2*height+height/2; /*设置y的坐标值*/
for( j=0 ; j<4 ; ++j ) /*画按钮*/
{
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; ++i )
{
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, color);
setcolor(RED);
bar( x, y, x+width, y+height ); /*画一个矩形条*/
rectangle( x, y, x+width, y+height );
sprintf(str2,"%c",str1[j*5+i]);
/*将字符保存到str2中*/
outtextxy( x+(width/2), y+height/2, str2);
x =x+width+ (width / 2) ; /*移动列坐标*/
}
y +=(height/2)*3; /* 移动行坐标*/
x =2*width-width/2; /*复位列坐标*/
}
x0=2*width;
y0=3*height;
x=x0;
y=y0;
gotoxy(x,y); /*移动光标到x,y位置*/
arrow(); /*显示光标*/
putimage(x,y,rar,XOR_PUT);
m=0;
n=0;
strcpy(str2,""); /*设置str2为空串*/
while((v=specialkey())!=45) /*当压下Alt+x键结束程序，否则执行下面的循环*/
{
while((v=specialkey())!=ENTER) /*当压下键不是回车时*/
{
putimage(x,y,rar,XOR_PUT); /*显示光标图象*/
if(v==RIGHT) /*右移箭头时新位置计算*/
if(x>=x0+6*width)
/*如果右移，移到尾，则移动到最左边字符位置*/
{
x=x0;
m=0;
}
else
{
x=x+width+width/2;
m++;
} /*否则，右移到下一个字符位置*/
if(v==LEFT) /*左移箭头时新位置计算*/
if(x<=x0)
{
x=x0+6*width;
m=4;
} /*如果移到头，再左移，则移动到最右边字符位置*/
else
{
x=x-width-width/2;
m--;
} /*否则，左移到前一个字符位置*/
if(v==UP) /*上移箭头时新位置计算*/
if(y<=y0)
{
y=y0+4*height+height/2;
n=3;
} /*如果移到头，再上移，则移动到最下边字符位置*/
else
{
y=y-height-height/2;
n--;
} /*否则，移到上边一个字符位置*/
if(v==DOWN) /*下移箭头时新位置计算*/
if(y>=7*height)
{
y=y0;
n=0;
} /*如果移到尾，再下移，则移动到最上边字符位置*/
else
{
y=y+height+height/2;
n++;
} /*否则，移到下边一个字符位置*/
putimage(x,y,rar,XOR_PUT); /*在新的位置显示光标箭头*/
}
c=str1[n*5+m]; /*将字符保存到变量c中*/
if(isdigit(c)||c=='.') /*判断是否是数字或小数点*/
{
if(flag==-1) /*如果标志为-1，表明为负数*/
{
strcpy(str2,"-"); /*将负号连接到字符串中*/
flag=1;
} /*将标志值恢复为1*/
sprintf(temp,"%c",c); /*将字符保存到字符串变量temp中*/
strcat(str2,temp); /*将temp中的字符串连接到str2中*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3);
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2);
outtextxy(5*width,height,str2); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='+')
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第一个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=1; /*做计算加法标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3);
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2);
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='-')
{
if(strcmp(str2,"")==0) /*如果str2为空，说明是负号，而不是减号*/
flag=-1; /*设置负数标志*/
else
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=2; /*做计算减法标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3);
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2); /*画矩形*/
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
}
if(c=='*')
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=3; /*做计算乘法标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3); bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2);
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='/')
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=4; /*做计算除法标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3);
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2);
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='^')
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=5; /*做计算乘方标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3); /*设置用淡绿色实体填充*/
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2); /*画矩形*/
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='%')
{
num1=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
act=6; /*做计算模运算乘方标志值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3); /*设置用淡绿色实体填充*/
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2); /*画矩形*/
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='=')
{
num2=atof(str2); /*将第二个操作数转换为浮点数*/
switch(act) /*根据运算符号计算*/
{
case 1:result=num1+num2;break; /*做加法*/
case 2:result=num1-num2;break; /*做减法*/
case 3:result=num1*num2;break; /*做乘法*/
case 4:result=num1/num2;break; /*做除法*/
case 5:result=pow(num1,num2);break; /*做x的y次方*/
case 6:result=fmod(num1,num2);break; /*做模运算*/
}
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3); /*设置用淡绿色实体填充*/
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2); /*覆盖结果区*/
sprintf(temp,"%f",result); /*将结果保存到temp中*/
outtextxy(5*width,height,temp); /*显示结果*/
}
if(c=='c')
{
num1=0; /*将两个操作数复位0，符号标志为1*/
num2=0;
flag=1;
strcpy(str2,""); /*将str2清空*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,color+3); /*设置用淡绿色实体填充*/
bar(2*width+width/2,height/2,15*width/2,3*height/2); /*覆盖结果区*/
outtextxy(5*width,height,"0."); /*显示字符串*/
}
if(c=='Q')exit(0); /*如果选择了q回车，结束计算程序*/
}
putimage(x,y,rar,XOR_PUT); /*在退出之前消去光标箭头*/
return; /*返回*/
}
/*窗口函数*/
void mwindow( char *header )
{
int height;
cleardevice(); /* 清除图形屏幕 */
setcolor( MaxColors - 1 ); /* 设置当前颜色为白色*/
setviewport( 20, 20, MaxX/2, MaxY/2, 1 ); /* 设置视口大小 */
height = textheight( "H" ); /* 读取基本文本大小 */
settextstyle( DEFAULT_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );/*设置文本样式*/
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );/*设置字符排列方式*/
outtextxy( MaxX/4, 2, header ); /*输出标题*/
setviewport( 20,20+height+4, MaxX/2+4, MaxY/2+20, 1 ); /*设置视口大小*/
drawboder(); /*画边框*/
}
void drawboder(void) /*画边框*/
{
struct viewporttype vp; /*定义视口类型变量*/
setcolor( MaxColors - 1 ); /*设置当前颜色为白色 */
setlinestyle( SOLID_LINE, 0, NORM_WIDTH );/*设置画线方式*/
getviewsettings( &vp );/*将当前视口信息装入vp所指的结构中*/
rectangle( 0, 0, vp.right-vp.left, vp.bottom-vp.top ); /*画矩形边框*/
}
/*设计鼠标图形函数*/
int arrow()
{
int size;
int raw[]={4,4,4,8,6,8,14,16,16,16,8,6,8,4,4,4}; /*定义多边形坐标*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,2); /*设置填充模式*/
fillpoly(8,raw); /*画出一光标箭头*/
size=imagesize(4,4,16,16); /*测试图象大小*/
rar=malloc(size); /*分配内存区域*/
getimage(4,4,16,16,rar); /*存放光标箭头图象*/
putimage(4,4,rar,XOR_PUT); /*消去光标箭头图象*/
return 0;
}
/*按键函数*/
int specialkey(void)
{
int key;
while(bioskey(1)==0); /*等待键盘输入*/
key=bioskey(0); /*键盘输入*/
key=key&0xff? key&0xff:key>>8; /*只取特殊键的扫描值，其余为0*/
return(key); /*返回键值*/
}
#include <dos.h> /*DOS接口函数*/
#include <math.h> /*数学函数的定义*/
#include <conio.h> /*屏幕操作函数*/
#include <stdio.h> /*I/O函数*/
#include <stdlib.h> /*库函数*/
#include <stdarg.h> /*变量长度参数表*/
#include <graphics.h> /*图形函数*/
#include <string.h> /*字符串函数*/
#include <ctype.h> /*字符操作函数*/
#define UP 0x48 /*光标上移键*/
#define DOWN 0x50 /*光标下移键*/
#define LEFT 0x4b /*光标左移键*/
#define RIGHT 0x4d /*光标右移键*/
#define ENTER 0x0d /*回车键*/
void *rar; /*全局变量，保存光标图象*/
struct palettetype palette; /*使用调色板信息*/
int GraphDriver; /* 图形设备驱动*/
int GraphMode; /* 图形模式值*/
int ErrorCode; /* 错误代码*/
int MaxColors; /* 可用颜色的最大数值*/
int MaxX, MaxY; /* 屏幕的最大分辨率*/
double AspectRatio; /* 屏幕的像素比*/
void drawboder(void); /*画边框函数*/
void initialize(void); /*初始化函数*/
void computer(void); /*计算器计算函数*/
void changetextstyle(int font, int direction, int charsize); /*改变文本样式函数*/
void mwindow(char *header); /*窗口函数*/
int specialkey(void) ; /*获取特殊键函数*/
int arrow(); /*设置箭头光标函数*/
/*主函数*/
int main()
{
initialize();/* 设置系统进入图形模式 */
computer(); /*运行计算器 */
closegraph();/*系统关闭图形模式返回文本模式*/
return(0); /*结束程序*/
}
/* 设置系统进入图形模式 */
void initialize(void)
{
int xasp, yasp; /* 用于读x和y方向纵横比*/
GraphDriver = DETECT; /* 自动检测显示器*/
initgraph( &GraphDriver, &GraphMode, "" );
/*初始化图形系统*/
ErrorCode = graphresult(); /*读初始化结果*/
if( ErrorCode != grOk ) /*如果初始化时出现错误*/
{
printf("Graphics System Error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg( ErrorCode ) ); /*显示错误代码*/
exit( 1 ); /*退出*/
}
getpalette( &palette ); /* 读面板信息*/
MaxColors = getmaxcolor() + 1; /* 读取颜色的最大值*/
MaxX = getmaxx(); /* 读屏幕尺寸 */
MaxY = getmaxy(); /* 读屏幕尺寸 */
getaspectratio( &xasp, &yasp ); /* 拷贝纵横比到变量中*/
AspectRatio = (double)xasp/(double)yasp;/* 计算纵横比值*/
}
/*计算器函数*/
void computer(void)
{
struct viewporttype vp; /*定义视口类型变量*/
int color, height, width;
int x, y,x0,y0, i, j,v,m,n,act,flag=1;
float num1=0,num2=0,result; /*操作数和计算结果变量*/
char cnum[5],str2[20]={""},c,temp[20]={""};
char str1[]="1230.456+-789*/Qc=^%";/* 定义字符串在按钮图形上显示的符号 */
mwindow( "Calculator" ); /* 显示主窗口 */
color = 7; /*设置灰颜色值*/
getviewsettings( &vp ); /* 读取当前窗口的大小*/
width=(vp.right+1)/10; /* 设置按钮宽度 */
height=(vp.bottom-10)/10 ; /*设置按钮高度 */
x = width /2; /*设置x的坐标值*/
y = height/2; /*设置y的坐标值*/
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, color+3);
bar( x+width*2, y, x+7*width, y+height );
/*画一个二维矩形条显示运算数和结果*/
setcolor( color+3 ); /*设置淡绿颜色边框线*/
rectangle( x+width*2, y, x+7*width, y+height );
/*画一个矩形边框线*/
setcolor(RED); /*设置颜色为红色*/
outtextxy(x+3*width,y+height/2,"0."); /*输出字符串"0."*/
x =2*width-width/2; /*设置x的坐标值*/
y =2*height+height/2; /*设置y的坐标值*/
for( j=0 ; j<4 ; ++j ) /*画按钮*/
{
for( i=0 ; i<5 ; ++i )
{
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, color);
setcolor(RED);
bar( x, y, x+width, y+height ); /*画一个矩形条*/
rectangle( x, y, x+width, y+height );
sprintf(str2,"%c",str1[j*5+i]);
/*将字符保存到str2中*/
outtextxy( x+(width/2), y+height/2, str2);
x =x+width+ (width / 2) ; /*移动列坐标*/
}
y +=(height/2)*3; /* 移动行坐标*/
x =2*width-width/2; /*复位列坐标*/
}
x0=2*width;
y0=3*height;
x=x0;
y=y0;
gotoxy(x,y); /*移动光标到x,y位置*/
arrow(); /*显示光标*/
putimage(x,y,rar,XOR_PUT);
m=0;
n=0;
strcpy(str2,""); /*设置str2为空串*/
while((v=specialkey())!=45) /*当压下Alt+x键结束程序，否则执行下面的循环*/
{
while((v=specialkey())!=ENTER) /*当压下键不是回车时*/
{
putimage(x,y,rar,XOR_PUT); /*显示光标图象*/
if(v==RIGHT) /*右