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電腦中英文對照單片機編譯

發布時間: 2022-05-31 16:22:27

⑴ 求有關單片機方面的中英文對照翻譯,畢設用的,英文字元數5000字。

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⑵ 單片機 中英文翻譯

The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers.
All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing
two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock
cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to
ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.
The ATmega8 provides the following features: 8K bytes of In-System Programmable
Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 512 bytes of EEPROM, 1K byte of SRAM, 23
general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible
Timer/Counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, a serial program-
mable USART, a byte oriented Two-wire Serial Interface, a 6-channel ADC (eight
channels in TQFP and MLF packages) where four (six) channels have 10-bit accuracy
and two channels have 8-bit accuracy, a programmable Watchdog Timer with Internal
Oscillator, an SPI serial port, and five software selectable power saving modes. The Idle
mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, SPI port, and interrupt
system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents but
freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next Interrupt or Hard-
ware Reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowing the
user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADC Noise
Rection mode stops the CPU and all I/O moles except asynchronous timer and
ADC, to minimize switching noise ring ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the crys-
tal/resonator Oscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows
very fast start-up combined with low-power consumption.
The device is manufactured using Atmel』s high density non-volatile memory technology.
The Flash Program memory can be reprogrammed In-System through an SPI serial
interface, by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip boot
program running on the AVR core. The boot program can use any interface to download
the application program in the Application Flash Memory. Software in the Boot Flash
Section will continue to run while the Application Flash Section is updated, providing
true Read-While-Write operation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-
Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel ATmega8 is a powerful microcon-
troller that provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded
control applications.
The ATmega8 AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system development
tools, including C compilers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, In-Cir-
cuit Emulators, and evaluation kits.

AVR 內核具有豐富的指令集和 32 個通用工作寄存器。所有的寄存器都直接與算邏單元
(ALU) 相連接,使得一條指令可以在一個時鍾周期內同時訪問兩個獨立的寄存器。這種結
構大大提高了代碼效率,並且具有比普通的 CISC微控制器最高至 10倍的數據吞吐率。
ATmega8 有如下特點 :8K 位元組的系統內可編程 Flash( 具有同時讀寫的能力,即 RWW),
512 位元組 EEPROM,1K 位元組 SRAM,32 個通用 I/O 口線,32 個通用工作寄存器,三個
具有比較模式的靈活的定時器 / 計數器 (T/C), 片內 / 外中斷,可編程串列 USART,面向
位元組的兩線串列介面, 10 位 6 路 (8 路為 TQFP 與 MLF 封裝 )ADC,具有片內振盪器的
可編程看門狗定時器,一個 SPI 串列埠,以及五種可以通過軟體進行選擇的省電模式。
工作於空閑模式時 CPU 停止工作,而 SRAM、 T/C、 SPI 埠以及中斷系統繼續工作;
掉電模式時晶體振盪器停止振盪,所有功能除了中斷和硬體復位之外都停止工作;在省
電模式下,非同步定時器繼續運行,允許用戶保持一個時間基準,而其餘功能模塊處於休眠
狀態; ADC 雜訊抑制模式時終止 CPU 和除了非同步定時器與 ADC 以外所有 I/O 模塊的工
作,以降低 ADC 轉換時的開關雜訊; Standby 模式下只有晶體或諧振振盪器運行,其餘
功能模塊處於休眠狀態,使得器件只消耗極少的電流,同時具有快速啟動能力。
本晶元是以 Atmel 高密度非易失性存儲器技術生產的。片內 ISP Flash 允許程序存儲器通
過 ISP 串列介面,或者通用編程器進行編程,也可以通過運行於 AVR 內核之中的引導程
序進行編程。引導程序可以使用任意介面將應用程序下載到應用Flash存儲區(Application
Flash Memory)。在更新應用Flash存儲區時引導Flash區(Boot Flash Memory)的程序繼續
運行,實現了 RWW 操作。 通過將 8 位 RISC CPU 與系統內可編程的 Flash 集成在一個
晶元內,ATmega8 成為一個功能強大的單片機,為許多嵌入式控制應用提供了靈活而低
成本的解決方案。
ATmega8 具有一整套的編程與系統開發工具,包括:C 語言編譯器、宏匯編、 程序調試
器 / 軟體模擬器、模擬器及評估板。

自己先選一個AVR單片機的型號,然後可以在網上找到其中文和英文datasheet,自己對照稍微改一下,增加幾句自己的話就可以簡單搞定了,如上面的內容一樣

⑶ 本人現急需關於單片機的中英文翻譯對照,英文是PDF格式的 .謝謝!!小弟不勝感激.

單片機介面
微機介面實現兩種信息形式的交換。在計算機之外,由電子系統所處理的信息以一種物理信號形式存在,但在程序中,它是用數字表示的。任一介面的功能都可分為以某種形式進行資料庫變換的一些操作,所以外部和內部形式的轉換是由許多步驟完成的。
用圖18.1所示的情況為例加以說明,圖中展示了微計算機和產生連續變化模擬信號的感測器之間的介面。感測器產生的信號常很小,需要放大,或者產生的信號和形式被系統的其他部分處理之前需要再次轉換。舉例來說,許多感測器具有電阻變化,這必須由一專門電路轉換成電壓。這種將感測器輸出轉換成電壓信號,並與系統的其他電路相連接的過程,稱為信號調理。如圖18.1所示例子中,信號調理部分將源自感測器的電壓或電流信號范圍轉換成可用模擬-數字轉換器變成數字形式的信號范圍。
模擬-數字轉換器(ADC)用來將連續變化信號變成相應的數字量,這數字量可是可能性的二進制數值中的一固定值。如果感測器輸出不是連續變化的,就不需模擬-數字轉換。這種情況下,信號調理單元必須將輸入信號變換成為另一信號,也可直接與介面的下一部分,即微計算機本身的輸入輸出單元相連接。
輸入/輸出單元將數字「開/關」電壓信號轉換成能通過系統匯流排傳送到計算機的信號形式。這里每一根線的狀態,無論是「開」或是「關」,用相應的「1」或「0」表示。對於已經轉換成數字形式的模擬輸入量,內部表示中用1和0組成的排列形式與被轉換量相對應的二進制數。
從介面得到的願數值會受到介面電路設計的限制,而且常需要線性化和量程調整才能形成適合於在主程序中使用的數值。舉例來說,介面可用於轉換范圍為0至255之間。顯然,從程序員的觀點,對溫度進行直接的處理要比使用由ADC所產生的與一給定溫度相一致的值要容易

Monolithic integrated circuit connection the microcomputer connection realizes two kind of information form exchange. Outside the computer, the information which processes by the electronic system by one physical signal form existence, but in the procere, it is with the digital presentation. Any connection's function may divide into by some form carries on the database transformation some operations, therefore exterior and internal form's transformation is completes by many steps. the situation which 18.1 with shown in Figure explained for the example, in the chart had demonstrated the micro computer and proces changes the simulated signal continuously between sensor's connection. The sensor proces the signal is very often small, needs to enlarge, or proces before signal and form by system's other parts of processing, needs to transform once more. For example, many sensors have the resistance change, this must by a special circuit switching voltage. This kind transforms the sensor output the voltage signal, and process which connects with system's other electric circuits, is called the signal recuperation. As shown in Figure 18.1 in the example, the signal recuperation part will come from sensor's voltage or the electric current signal scope transforms the available analog-to-digital converter to turn the digital form the signal scope. the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) will use for to change the signal to turn the corresponding digital quantity continuously, but this digital quantity in a possible binary value fixture. If the sensor outputs is not changes continuously, cannot simulate - the digital conversion. In this kind of situation, the signal recuperation unit must input inversion into another signal, may also with the connection next part, namely the micro computer's input output unit connect directly. the input/output unit 「opens the digit/the pass」 the voltage signal conversion to be able to transmit through the system bus to computer's signal form. Here each line condition, regardless of being 「opens」 perhaps 「the pass」, with corresponding 「1」 or 「0」 expressed. Regarding already transformed the digital form the simulation input value, the interior expressed that with is transformed with 1 and 0 composition's arrangement form the binary number which the quantity corresponds. will obtain from the connection is willing the value to receive the interface circuit design the limit, moreover often needs to linearize with the range adjustment can form suits in the value which will use in the master routine. For example, the connection may use in transforming the scope is 0 to 255 between. Obviously, as soon as from programmer's viewpoint, carries on direct processing to the temperature to with assign the temperature consistent value which compared to the use proces by ADC to want easy

⑷ 單片機中英文互譯

Based on single-chip processing slender axis error compensation system design

⑸ 計算機類中英文對照翻譯

從計算機的類型、運行方式、構成器件、操作原理、應用狀況等劃分,計算機有多種分類。
從數據表示來說,計算機可分為數字計算機、模擬計算機以及混合計算機三類;
數字計算機按構成的器件劃分,曾有機械計算機和機電計算機,現用的電子計算機,正在研究的光計算機、量子計算機、生物計算機、神經計算機等等。
電子計算機就其規模或系統功能而言,可分為巨型、大型、中型、小型、微型計算機和單片機。
綜合起來說,計算機的分類是這樣的:
(1)按照性能指標分類
① 巨型機: 高速度、大容量
② 大型機: 速度快、應用於軍事技術科研領域
③ 小型機: 結構簡單、造價低、性能價格比突出
④ 微型機: 體積小、重量輕、價格低
(2)按照用途分類
① 專用機: 針對性強、特定服務、專門設計
② 通用機: 科學計算、數據處理、過程式控制制解決各類問題
(3)按照原理分類
① 數字機: 速度快、精度高、自動化、通用性強
② 模擬機: 用模擬量作為運算量,速度快、精度差
③ 混合機: 集中前兩者優點、避免其缺點,處於發展階段
[編輯本段]構成
不論何種計算機,它們都是由硬體和軟體所組成,兩者是不可分割的。人們把沒有安裝任何軟體的計算機稱為裸機。
硬體
計算機系統中所使用的電子線路和物理設備,是看得見、摸得著的實體,如中央處理器( CPU )、存儲器、外部設備(輸入輸出設備、I/O設備)及匯流排等。
①存儲器。主要功能是存放程序和數據,程序是計算機操作的依據,數據是計算機操作的對象。存儲器是由存儲體、地址解碼器 、讀寫控制電路、地址匯流排和數據匯流排組成。能由中央處理器直接隨機存取指令和數據的存儲器稱為主存儲器,磁碟、磁帶、光碟等大容量存儲器稱為外存儲器(或輔助存儲器) 。由主存儲器、外部存儲器和相應的軟體,組成計算機的存儲系統。
②中央處理器的主要功能是根據存儲器內的程序 ,逐條地執行程序所指定的操作。中央處理器的主要組成部分是:數據寄存器、指令寄存器、指令解碼器、算術邏輯部件、操作控制器、程序計數器(指令地址計數器 )、地址寄存器等。
③外部設備是用戶與機器之間的橋梁。輸入設備的任務是把用戶要求計算機處理的數據、字元、文字、圖形和程序等各種形式的信息轉換為計算機所能接受的編碼形式存入到計算機內。輸出設備的任務是把計算機的處理結果以用戶需要的形式(如屏幕顯示、文字列印、圖形圖表、語言音響等)輸出。輸入輸出介面是外部設備與中央處理器之間的緩沖裝置,負責電氣性能的匹配和信息格式的轉換。
軟體
對能使計算機硬體系統順利和有效工作的程序集合的總稱。程序總是要通過某種物理介質來存儲和表示的 ,它們是磁碟、磁帶、程序紙、穿孔卡等,但軟體並不是指這些物理介質,而是指那些看不見、摸不著的程序本身。可靠的計算機硬體如同一個人的強壯體魄,有效的軟體如同一個人的聰穎思維。
計算機的軟體系統可分為系統軟體和應用軟體兩部分。系統軟體是負責對整個計算機系統資源的管理、調度、監視和服務。應用軟體是指各個不同領域的用戶為各自的需要而開發的各種應用程序。計算機軟體系統包括:
①操作系統 :系統軟體的核心,它負責對計算機系統內各種軟、硬資源的管理、控制和監視。
②資料庫管理系統:負責對計算機系統內全部文件、資料和數據的管理和共享。
③編譯系統:負責把用戶用高級語言所編寫的源程序編譯成機器所能理解和執行的機器語言。
④網路系統:負責對計算機系統的網路資源進行組織和管理,使得在多台獨立的計算機間能進行相互的資源共享和通信。
⑤標准程序庫:按標准格式所編寫的一些程序的集合,這些標准程序包括求解初等函數、線性方程組、常微分方程、數值積分等計算程序。
⑥服務性程序:也稱實用程序。為增強計算機系統的服務功能而提供的各種程序 ,包括對用戶程序的裝置、連接、編輯、查錯、糾錯、診斷等功能。為了使計算機能算得快和准、記得多和牢,數十年來,對提高單機中的中央處理器的處理速度和精度,對提高存儲器的存取速度和容量作了許多改進,如:增加運算器的基本字長和提高運算器的精度;增加新的數據類型,或對數據進行自定義,使數據帶有標志符,用以區別指令和數,及說明數據類型;在 CPU 內增設通用寄存器、採用變址寄存器、增加間接定址功能和增設高速緩沖存儲器和採用堆棧技術;採用存儲器交叉存取技術及虛擬存儲器技術;採用指令流水線和運算流水線;採用多個功能部件和增設協處理器等。

⑹ 急需一份單片機方面的中英文翻譯 3000字以上(最好是AT89C52)

本文介紹了基於單片機的智能溫度計的設計方法。該溫度計系統以AT89S52晶元作為控制核心,利用DS18B20晶元實現溫度採集功能,採用OCM12864液晶顯示晶元完成顯示任務。硬體系統包括了AT89S52單片機模塊、溫度模塊、液晶顯示模塊。通過控制編程與各晶元之間的協調合作,本系統主要實現了溫度計的功能。
this paper introces a design way based on intelligent design thermometer. The thermometer system used AT89S52 single_chip as the core, implements the acquisition of temperature by DS18B20 chip and show datas by liquid crystal display chips OCM12864 .the hardware system includes a single-chip mole, mole temperature, liquid crystal display mole. By programming and the coordination and cooperation between the chip, the system implements the function of a thermometer

⑺ 能不能把你的單片機原理與應用的中英文對照發給我啊

· 單片機的介紹
又稱單片微控制器,它不是完成某一個邏輯功能的晶元,而是把一個計算機系統集成到一個晶元上。概括的講:一塊晶元就成了一台計算機。它的體積小、質量輕、價格便宜、為學習、應用和開發提供了便利條件。同時,學習使用單片機了解計算機原理與結構的最佳選擇。
可以說,二十世紀跨越了三個「電」的時代,即電氣時代、電子時代和現已進入的電腦時代。不過,這種電腦,通常是指個人計算機,簡稱PC機。它由主機、鍵盤、顯示器等組成(如圖1所示)。還有一類計算機,大多數人卻不怎麼熟悉。這種計算機就是把智能賦予各種機械的單片機(亦稱微控制器,如圖2所示)。顧名思義,這種計算機的最小系統只用了一片集成電路,即可進行簡單運算和控制。因為它體積小,通常都藏在被控機械的「肚子」里。它在整個裝置中,起著有如人類頭腦的作用,它出了毛病,整個裝置就癱瘓了。現在,這種單片機的使用領域已十分廣泛,如智能儀表、實時工控、通訊設備、導航系統、家用電器等。各種產品一旦用上了單片機,就能起到使產品升級換代的功效,常在
產品名稱前冠以形容詞——「智能型」,如智能型洗衣機等。現在有些工廠的技術人員或其它業余電子開發者搞出來的某些產品,不是電路太復雜,就是功能太簡單且極易被仿製。究其原因,可能就卡在產品未使用單片機或其它可編程邏輯器件上。
目前單片機滲透到我們生活的各個領域,幾乎很難找到哪個領域沒有單片機的蹤跡。導彈的導航裝置,飛機上各種儀表的控制,計算機的網路通訊與數據傳輸,工業自動化過程的實時控制和數據處理,廣泛使用的各種智能IC卡,民用豪華轎車的安全保障系統,錄像機、攝像機、全自動洗衣機的控制,以及程式控制玩具、電子寵物等等,這些都離不開單片機。更不用說自動控制領域的機器人、智能儀表、醫療器械了。因此,單片機的學習、開發與應用將造就一批計算機應用與智能化控制的科學家、工程師
· 單片機的應用領域 :
1.單片機在智能儀器儀表中的應用;
2.單片機在工業測控中的應用;
3.單片機在計算機網路和通訊技術中的應用;
4.單片機在日常生活及家電中的應用;
5.單片機在辦公自動化方面。
單片機廣泛應用於儀器儀表、家用電器、醫用設備、航空航天、專用設備的智能化管理及過程式控制制等領域,大致可分如下幾個范疇:
1.在 智能儀器 儀表上的應用
單片機具有體積小、功耗低、 控制功能強、擴展靈活、微型化和使用方便等優點,廣泛應用於儀器儀表中,結合不同類型的感測器,可實現諸如電壓、功率、頻率、濕度、溫度、流量、速度、厚度、角度、長度、硬度、元素、壓力等物理量的測量。採用單片機控制使得儀器儀表數字化、智能化、微型化,且功能比起採用電子或數字電路更加強大。例如精密的測量設備(功率計,示波器,各種分析儀)。
2.在工業控制中的應用
用單片機可以構成形式多樣的控制系統、數據採集系統。
3.在家用電器中的應用
可以這樣說,現在的家用電器基本上都採用了單片機控制,從電飯褒、洗衣機、電冰箱、空調機、彩電、其他音響視頻器材、再到電子秤量設備,五花八門,無所不在。
4.在計算機網路和通信領域中的應用
現代的單片機普遍具備通信介面,可以很方便地與計算機進行數據通信,為在計算機網路和通信設備間的應用提供了極好的物質條件,現在的通信設備基本上都實現了單片機智能控制,從手機,電話機、小型程式控制交換機、樓宇自動通信呼叫系統、列車無線通信、再到日常工作中隨處可見的行動電話,集群移動通信,無線電對講機等。
5.單片機在醫用設備領域中的應用
單片機在醫用設備中的用途亦相當廣泛,例如醫用呼吸機,各種分析儀,監護儀,超聲診斷設備及病床呼叫系統等等。
6.在各種大型電器中的模塊化應用
某些專用單片機設計用於實現特定功能,從而在各種電路中進行模塊化應用,而不要求使用人員了解其內部結構。如音樂集成單片機,看似簡單的功能,微縮在純電子晶元中(有別於磁帶機的原理),就需要復雜的類似於計算機的原理。如:音樂信號以數字的形式存於存儲器中(類似於ROM),由微控制器讀出,轉化為模擬音樂電信號(類似於音效卡)。
在大型電路中,這種模塊化應用極大地縮小了體積,簡化了電路,降低了損壞、錯誤率,也方便於更換。
7.單片機在汽車設備領域中的應用
單片機在汽車電子中的應用非常廣泛,例如汽車中的發動機控制器,基於CAN匯流排的汽車發動機智能電子控制器,GPS導航系統,abs防抱死系統,制動系統等等。
此外,單片機在工商,金融,科研、教育,國防航空航天等領域都有著十分廣泛的用途。

⑻ 求一篇關於單片機的中英文翻譯3000字

單片機也被稱為微控制器(Microcontroler),是因為它最早被用在工業控制領域。單片機由晶元內僅有CPU的專用處理器發展而來。最早的設計理念是通過將大量外圍設備和CPU集成在一個晶元中,使計算機系統更小,更容易集成進復雜的而對提及要求嚴格的控制設備當中。INTEL的Z80是最早按照這種思想設計出的處理器,從此以後,單片機和專用處理器的發展便分道揚鑣。

早期的單片機都是8位或4位的。其中最成功的是INTEL的8031,因為簡單可靠而性能不錯獲得了很大的好評。此後在8031上發展出了MCS51系列單片機系統。基於這一系統的單片機系統直到現在還在廣泛使用。隨著工業控制領域要求的提高,開始出現了16位單片機,但因為性價比不理想並未得到很廣泛的應用。90年代後隨著消費電子產品大發展,單片機技術得到了巨大的提高。隨著INTEL i960系列特別是後來的ARM系列的廣泛應用,32位單片機迅速取代16位單片機的高端地位,並且進入主流市場。而傳統的8位單片機的性能也得到了飛速提高,處理能力比起80年代提高了數百倍。目前,高端的32位單片機主頻已經超過300MHz,性能直追90年代中期的專用處理器,而普通的型號出廠價格跌落至1美元,最高端的型號也只有10美元。當代單片機系統已經不再只在裸機環境下開發和使用,大量專用的嵌入式操作系統被廣泛應用在全系列的單片機上。而在作為掌上電腦和手機核心處理的高端單片機甚至可以直接使用專用的Windows和Linux操作系統。

單片機比專用處理器最適合應用於嵌入式系統,因此它得到了最多的應用。事實上單片機是世界上數量最多的計算機。現代人類生活中所用的幾乎每件電子和機械產品中都會集成有單片機。手機、電話、計算器、家用電器、電子玩具、掌上電腦以及滑鼠等電腦配件中都配有1-2部單片機。而個人電腦中也會有為數不少的單片機在工作。汽車上一般配備40多部單片機,復雜的工業控制系統上甚至可能有數百台單片機在同時工作!單片機的數量不僅遠超過PC機和其他計算的綜合,甚至比人類的數量還要多。

The single slice machine is also called tiny controller, is because it was used in the instry to control realm at the earliest stage.Single slice machine from inside chip have CPU appropriation processor to develop only since then.At the earliest stage of design the principle is to pass to integrate a great deal of peripherals and CPU in a chip, making calculator system smaller, integrating more easily into complicated of but to mention to request a strict control equipments in the middle.The INTEL Z80 is the processor which designed according to this kind of thought at the earliest stage, from now on, single slice the development of the machine and appropriation processor went by different roads then.
The single slice of the earlier period all of machines are 8 or 4.Among them, the INTEL is most successful of 8031, because of in brief dependable but the function was quite good to acquire very big good opinion.Henceforth at 8031 up developed MCS51 serieses a single slice machine system.According to the single slice of this system machine system is still in the extensive usage till now.Because the instry controls the exaltation of[with] realm request, starting appearing 16 single slice machine, but because sex price wanted to don't get a very extensive application than the disregard.Develop greatly along with the consumption electronics proct after 90's, the single slice machine technique got a huge exaltation.Along with the extensive application of INTEL i 960 serieses especially later ARM series, the 32 single slice machine replaces 16 single slice the high level position of the machine quickly, and gets into an essential market.And traditional of 8 single slice the function of the machine also got to fly to raise soon, handling an ability to compare with to raise few a hundredfolds in 80's.Currently, 32 single slice of the high level with main machine already over 300 MHzs, the function keeps appropriation processor of making track for the mid 90's, and the common model number factory price drop into to USD 1, tallest carry of model number also only USD 10.The contemporary and single slice machine system has already no longer developed and used just under the naked machine environment, the in great quantities appropriative built-in operate system is applied extensively in the whole serieseses of the single slice is on board.But Be ising the high level of handheld PC and cellular phone core processing single slice the machine even can use appropriative Windows and the Linux operate system directly.
Single slice the machine ratio appropriation processor is the most suitable to match to apply in the built-in system, so it got the most applications.In fact the single slice machine is an amount the most calculators are in the world.The modern mankind are living medium use of assemble in almost each electronics and machine proct have a single slice machine.All have 1-2 single slice machine in the computer accessorieses such as cellular phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronics toy, handheld PC and mouse etc..And personal computer in would also capable number not a few single slice the machine be working.Provide with more than 40 departments a single slice machine generally on the car, complicated instry's controling the top of the system even may has single several hundred pedestalses slices machine to work in the meantime!Single slice the amount of the machine not only far above the PC machine and other calculations of comprehensive, even than the mankind's amount still want have another.

⑼ 單片機中英文對照~~~~~

用軟體翻譯的結果就是連自己都會罵「狗屁不通」,如果真的要翻譯地的恰當,最好多看看關於單片機的英文資料。

⑽ 求關於單片機方面的5000字左右中英文對譯(英譯中)

單片機學習應中的六大重要部分

一、匯流排:我們知道,一個電路總是由元器件通過電線連接而成的,在模擬電路中,連線並不成為一個問題,因為各器件間一般是串列關系,各器件之間的連線並不很多,但計算機電路卻不一樣,它是以微處理器為核心,各器件都要與微處理器相連,各器件之間的工作必須相互協調,所以就需要的連線就很多了,如果仍如同模擬電路一樣,在各微處理器和各器件間單獨連線,則線的數量將多得驚人,所以在微處理機中引入了匯流排的概念,各個器件共同享用連線,所有器件的8根數據線全部接到8根公用的線上,即相當於各個器件並聯起來,但僅這樣還不行,如果有兩個器件同時送出數據,一個為0,一個為1,那麼,接收方接收到的究竟是什麼呢?這種情況是不允許的,所以要通過控制線進行控制,使器件分時工作,任何時候只能有一個器件發送數據(可以有多個器件同時接收)。器件的數據線也就被稱為數據匯流排,器件所有的控制線被稱為控制匯流排。在單片機內部或者外部存儲器及其它器件中有存儲單元,這些存儲單元要被分配地址,才能使用,分配地址當然也是以電信號的形式給出的,由於存儲單元比較多,所以,用於地址分配的線也較多,這些線被稱為地址匯流排。
二、數據、地址、指令:之所以將這三者放在一起,是因為這三者的本質都是一樣的——數字,或者說都是一串『0』和『1』組成的序列。換言之,地址、指令也都是數據。指令:由單片機晶元的設計者規定的一種數字,它與我們常用的指令助記符有著嚴格的一一對應關系,不可以由單片機的開發者更改。地址:是尋找單片機內部、外部的存儲單元、輸入輸出口的依據,內部單元的地址值已由晶元設計者規定好,不可更改,外部的單元可以由單片機開發者自行決定,但有一些地址單元是一定要有的(詳見程序的執行過程)。數據:這是由微處理機處理的對象,在各種不同的應用電路中各不相同,一般而言,被處理的數據可能有這么幾種情況:
1•地址(如MOV DPTR,#1000H),即地址1000H送入DPTR。
2•方式字或控制字(如MOV TMOD,#3),3即是控制字。
3•常數(如MOV TH0,#10H)10H即定時常數。
4•實際輸出值(如P1口接彩燈,要燈全亮,則執行指令:MOV P1,#0FFH,要燈全暗,則執行指令:MOV P1,#00H)這里0FFH和00H都是實際輸出值。又如用於LED的字形碼,也是實際輸出的值。
理解了地址、指令的本質,就不難理解程序運行過程中為什麼會跑飛,會把數據當成指令來執行了。
三、P0口、P2口和P3的第二功能用法:初學時往往對P0口、P2口和P3口的第二功能用法迷惑不解,認為第二功能和原功能之間要有一個切換的過程,或者說要有一條指令,事實上,各埠的第二功能完全是自動的,不需要用指令來轉換。如P3.6、P3.7分別是WR、RD信號,當微片理機外接RAM或有外部I/O口時,它們被用作第二功能,不能作為通用I/O口使用,只要一微處理機一執行到MOVX指令,就會有相應的信號從P3.6或P3.7送出,不需要事先用指令說明。事實上『不能作為通用I/O口使用』也並不是『不能』而是(使用者)『不會』將其作為通用I/O口使用。你完全可以在指令中按排一條SETB P3.7的指令,並且當單片機執行到這條指令時,也會使P3.7變為高電平,但使用者不會這么去做,因為這通常這會導致系統的崩潰。
四、程序的執行過程: 單片機在通電復位後8051內的程序計數器(PC)中的值為『0000』,所以程序總是從『0000』單元開始執行,也就是說:在系統的ROM中一定要存在『0000』這個單元,並且在『0000』單元中存放的一定是一條指令。
五、堆棧: 堆棧是一個區域,是用來存放數據的,這個區域本身沒有任何特殊之處,就是內部RAM的一部份,特殊的是它存放和取用數據的方式,即所謂的『先進後出,後進先出』,並且堆棧有特殊的數據傳輸指令,即『PUSH』和『POP』,有一個特殊的專為其服務的單元,即堆棧指針SP,每當執一次PUSH指令時,SP就(在原來值的基礎上)自動加1,每當執行一次POP指令,SP就(在原來值的基礎上)自動減1。由於SP中的值可以用指令加以改變,所以只要在程序開始階段更改了SP的值,就可以把堆棧設置在規定的內存單元中,如在程序開始時,用一條MOV SP,#5FH指令,就時把堆棧設置在從內存單元60H開始的單元中。一般程序的開頭總有這么一條設置堆棧指針的指令,因為開機時,SP的初始值為07H,這樣就使堆棧從08H單元開始往後,而08H到1FH這個區域正是8031的第二、三、四工作寄存器區,經常要被使用,這會造成數據的混亂。不同作者編寫程序時,初始化堆棧指令也不完全相同,這是作者的習慣問題。當設置好堆棧區後,並不意味著該區域成為一種專用內存,它還是可以象普通內存區域一樣使用,只是一般情況下編程者不會把它當成普通內存用了。
六、單片機的開發過程: 這里所說的開發過程並不是一般書中所說的從任務分析開始,我們假設已設計並製作好硬體,下面就是編寫軟體的工作。在編寫軟體之前,首先要確定一些常數、地址,事實上這些常數、地址在設計階段已被直接或間接地確定下來了。如當某器件的連線設計好後,其地址也就被確定了,當器件的功能被確定下來後,其控制字也就被確定了。然後用文本編輯器(如EDIT、CCED等)編寫軟體,編寫好後,用編譯器對源程序文件編譯,查錯,直到沒有語法錯誤,除了極簡單的程序外,一般應用模擬機對軟體進行調試,直到程序運行正確為止。運行正確後,就可以寫片(將程序固化在EPROM中)。在源程序被編譯後,生成了擴展名為HEX的目標文件,一般編程器能夠識別這種格式的文件,只要將此文件調入即可寫片
Singlechip study should be an important part in the six

First, the bus: we know that a circuit is always from the components through wires connected, and in analog circuits, the connection does not become a problem, because the devices are generally serial inter-relationship between the various devices connection is not much, but not the same as computer circuits, which is based on the microprocessor as the core, the device must be connected with the microprocessor, the device must be between the mutual coordination and so on need to connect on a lot of If still the same as analog circuits, in the microprocessor and a separate connection between the devices, the quantity line will be many alarmingly so in the microprocessor introced the concept of bus, all devices share the connection All devices of all eight data lines from eight public online, which is equivalent to all devices in parallel, but only this is not enough, if there is two devices send data simultaneously, a 0, a 1, then , the receiving party received what is it? This situation is not allowed, so to pass the line of control to control the device time job, any time there can be only one device to send data (which may have multiple devices simultaneously receiving). Device's data lines will be referred to as data bus, all the line of control devices known as control bus. Singlechip at internal or external memory and other devices have memory cells, these memory cells to be assigned addresses to use, the allocation of addresses is of course to give the form of electrical signals, and because memory cells are more so for address the allocation of more lines, these lines were known as the address bus.

Second, data, address, command: The reason why these three together, because these three are the essence is the same - figure, or are a string of'0 'and'1', composed of sequence . In other words, addresses, instructions are also data. Command: from single-chip chip designer provides a figure, it is consistent with our mnemonic commonly used commands have a strict one-to-one relationship, not by the developer to change the MCU. Address: Singlechip are looking for internal, external storage units, input and output port based on the value of the internal unit's address has been provided for the chip designers, and can not be changed, the external unit can be single-chip developers to decide, but Yes there is some address must be the unit (see proceres for the implementation process). Data: This is the object of treatment by the microprocessor, in a variety of different applications in different circuits, in general, the data may be processed so have several situations:

1 • address (such as MOV DPTR, # 1000H), that address 1000h into the DPTR.

2 • the way the words or control characters (such as MOV TMOD, # 3), 3 which controls the characters.

3 • constants (such as MOV TH0, # 10H) 10H that is constant from time to time.

4 • The actual output value (such as the mouth then P1 lantern light to light the whole, then the implementation of instruction: MOV P1, # 0FFH, to light the whole dark, then the implementation of instruction: MOV P1, # 00H) and 00H are here 0FFH actual output value. Another example is the font code for the LED, is the actual output value.

Understanding of the address, the nature of instructions, running is not difficult to understand why the process of running fly, the data will be implemented as instructions.

Three, P0 mouth, P2 and P3 the mouth of the second function Usage: often on P0 beginner I, P2 and P3 mouth I use the second function puzzled think the second function and the original features have a switch between the process, or that there have to be a directive, in fact, the port's second feature is completely automatic, no need to use command to convert. Such as P3.6, P3.7, respectively, are WR, RD signal, when the micro-chip RAM or external justifications machine has an external I / O port, they were used as the second function, can not be used as general-purpose I / O port to use, as long as one microprocessor implementation of the MOVX instruction 1, there will be a corresponding signal sent from the P3.6 or P3.7, no prior use instructions indicate. In fact 'can not be used as general-purpose I / O port use' is not 'should not' but (user) 'not' as a general-purpose I / O port to use. At command you can arrange a Medium of Instruction SETB P3.7, and when the single-chip implementation of this Article directions, P3.7 will also become high, but users will not do so, because This usually will lead to the collapse of the system.

Four, the program implementation process: single-chip power-on reset in 8051 after the program counter (PC) in the value of'0000 ', so the procere always'0000' unit begin implementation of, that is to say: the system's ROM must exist in the'0000 'in this unit, and'0000' in the storage unit must be a command.

Friday, the stack: the stack is a region, are used to store data, the region does not have any unique position, that is a part of internal RAM, special is its data storage and access methods, namely, the so-called 'advanced after that last-in first-out ', and the stack has a special data transmission command, ie' PUSH 'and' POP ', there is a special unit specifically for its services, that is, the stack pointer SP, when they first PUSH instruction, the SP on (at the original value of the foundation on) automatically add one, whenever the implementation of a POP instruction, SP on (at the original value basis) minus one automatically. Because of the value of SP can be used to change directions, so as long as the stage at the beginning of the proceedings to change the value of the SP, you can put the stack set up the required memory units, such as at the beginning of the proceedings, with a MOV SP, # 5FH instructions when put on the stack from the memory moles installed in the unit 60H start. The normal procere at the beginning of the total that there is a stack pointer of the instruction set, because at startup, SP initial value of 07H, thus the stack from the beginning the next unit 08h, and 08h to 1Fh in the region 8031 is the second, Three, four working registers area, often used, this will lead to data chaos. The author has prepared a different program, not exactly the same instructions to initialize the stack, which is the author's customary problem. When set up the stack area, does not mean that the region as a dedicated memory, it can be as common as the use of memory region, but under normal circumstances programming will not put it as an ordinary memory use

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