java早期優化編譯
java編譯的結果是位元組碼而不是二進制，所以在運行時vm的優化才是重要的，包括VM的回收策略、分配給VM內存的大小都能在一定程度上影響性能。Sun的VM支持熱點編譯，對高頻執行的代碼段翻譯的2進制會進行緩存，這也是VM的一種優化。
IBM JVM處理數學運算速度最快，BEA JVM處理大量線程和網路socket性能最好，而Sun JVM處理通常的商業邏輯性能最好。不過Hotspot的Server mode被報告有穩定性的問題。
Java 的最大優勢不是體現在執行速度上，所以對Compiler的要求並不如c++那樣高，代碼級的優化還需要程序員本身的功底。
貼個java的運行參數：
Usage: java [-options] class [args...]
(to execute a class)
or java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
(to execute a jar file)
where options include:
-client to select the "client" VM
-server to select the "server" VM
-hotspot is a synonym for the "client" VM [deprecated]
The default VM is client.
-cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
-classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
A ; separated list of directories, JAR archives,
and ZIP archives to search for class files.
-D<name>=<value>
set a system property
-verbose[:class|gc|jni]
enable verbose output
-version print proct version and exit
-version:<value>
require the specified version to run
-showversion print proct version and continue
-jre-restrict-search | -jre-no-restrict-search
include/exclude user private JREs in the version search
-? -help print this help message
-X print help on non-standard options
-ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
enable assertions
-da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
disable assertions
-esa | -enablesystemassertions
enable system assertions
-dsa | -disablesystemassertions
disable system assertions
-agentlib:<libname>[=<options>]
load native agent library <libname>, e.g. -agentlib:hprof
see also, -agentlib:jdwp=help and -agentlib:hprof=help
-agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>]
load native agent library by full pathname
-javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>]
load Java programming language agent, see
java.lang.instrument
-Xmixed mixed mode execution (default)
-Xint interpreted mode execution only
-Xbootclasspath:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
-Xbootclasspath/a:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
append to end of bootstrap class path
-Xbootclasspath/p:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
prepend in front of bootstrap class path
-Xnoclassgc disable class garbage collection
-Xincgc enable incremental garbage collection
-Xloggc:<file> log GC status to a file with time stamps
-Xbatch disable background compilation
-Xms<size> set initial Java heap size
-Xmx<size> set maximum Java heap size
-Xss<size> set java thread stack size
-Xprof output cpu profiling data
-Xfuture enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
-Xrs rece use of OS signals by Java/VM (see
documentation)
-Xcheck:jni perform additional checks for JNI functions
-Xshare:off do not attempt to use shared class data
-Xshare:auto use shared class data if possible (default)
-Xshare:on require using shared class data, otherwise fail.
Java虛擬機（JVM）參數配置說明
在Java、J2EE大型應用中，JVM非標准參數的配置直接關繫到整個系統的性能。
JVM非標准參數指的是JVM底層的一些配置參數，這些參數在一般開發中默認即可，不需
要任何配置。但是在生產環境中，為了提高性能，往往需要調整這些參數，以求系統達
到最佳新能。
另外這些參數的配置也是影響系統穩定性的一個重要因素，相信大多數Java開發人員都
見過「OutOfMemory」類型的錯誤。呵呵，這其中很可能就是JVM參數配置不當或者就沒
有配置沒意識到配置引起的。
為了說明這些參數，還需要說說JDK中的命令行工具一些知識做鋪墊。
首先看如何獲取這些命令配置信息說明：
假設你是windows平台，你安裝了J2SDK，那麼現在你從cmd控制台窗口進入J2SDK安裝目
錄下的bin目錄，然後運行java命令，出現如下結果，這些就是包括java.exe工具的和
JVM的所有命令都在裡面。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
D:\j2sdk15\bin>java
Usage: java [-options] class [args...]
(to execute a class)
or java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
(to execute a jar file)
where options include:
-client to select the "client" VM
-server to select the "server" VM
-hotspot is a synonym for the "client" VM [deprecated]
The default VM is client.
-cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
-classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
A ; separated list of directories, JAR archives,
and ZIP archives to search for class files.
-D<name>=<value>
set a system property
-verbose[:class|gc|jni]
enable verbose output
-version print proct version and exit
-version:<value>
require the specified version to run
-showversion print proct version and continue
-jre-restrict-search | -jre-no-restrict-search
include/exclude user private JREs in the version search
-? -help print this help message
-X print help on non-standard options
-ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
enable assertions
-da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
disable assertions
-esa | -enablesystemassertions
enable system assertions
-dsa | -disablesystemassertions
disable system assertions
-agentlib:<libname>[=<options>]
load native agent library <libname>, e.g. -agentlib:hprof
see also, -agentlib:jdwp=help and -agentlib:hprof=help
-agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>]
load native agent library by full pathname
-javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>]
load Java programming language agent, see
java.lang.instrument
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
在控制台輸出信息中，有個-X（注意是大寫）的命令，這個正是查看JVM配置參數的命
令。
其次，用java -X 命令查看JVM的配置說明：
運行後如下結果，這些就是配置JVM參數的秘密武器，這些信息都是英文的，為了方便
閱讀，我根據自己的理解翻譯成中文了（不準確的地方還請各位博友斧正）
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
D:\j2sdk15\bin>java -X
-Xmixed mixed mode execution (default)
-Xint interpreted mode execution only
-Xbootclasspath:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
-Xbootclasspath/a:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
append to end of bootstrap class path
-Xbootclasspath/p:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
prepend in front of bootstrap class path
-Xnoclassgc disable class garbage collection
-Xincgc enable incremental garbage collection
-Xloggc:<file> log GC status to a file with time stamps
-Xbatch disable background compilation
-Xms<size> set initial Java heap size
-Xmx<size> set maximum Java heap size
-Xss<size> set java thread stack size
-Xprof output cpu profiling data
-Xfuture enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
-Xrs rece use of OS signals by Java/VM (see
documentation)
-Xcheck:jni perform additional checks for JNI functions
-Xshare:off do not attempt to use shared class data
-Xshare:auto use shared class data if possible (default)
-Xshare:on require using shared class data, otherwise fail.
The -X options are non-standard and subject to change without notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
JVM配置參數中文說明：
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1、-Xmixed mixed mode execution (default)
混合模式執行
2、-Xint interpreted mode execution only
解釋模式執行
3、-Xbootclasspath:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
設置zip/jar資源或者類（.class文件）存放目錄路徑
3、-Xbootclasspath/a:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
append to end of bootstrap class path
追加zip/jar資源或者類（.class文件）存放目錄路徑
4、-Xbootclasspath/p:<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
prepend in front of bootstrap class path
預先載入zip/jar資源或者類（.class文件）存放目錄路徑
5、-Xnoclassgc disable class garbage collection
關閉類垃圾回收功能
6、-Xincgc enable incremental garbage collection
開啟類的垃圾回收功能
7、-Xloggc:<file> log GC status to a file with time stamps
記錄垃圾回日誌到一個文件。
8、-Xbatch disable background compilation
關閉後台編譯
9、-Xms<size> set initial Java heap size
設置JVM初始化堆內存大小
10、-Xmx<size> set maximum Java heap size
設置JVM最大的堆內存大小
11、-Xss<size> set java thread stack size
設置JVM棧內存大小
12、-Xprof output cpu profiling data
輸入CPU概要表數據
13、-Xfuture enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
執行嚴格的代碼檢查，預測可能出現的情況
14、-Xrs rece use of OS signals by Java/VM (see
documentation)
通過JVM還原操作系統信號
15、-Xcheck:jni perform additional checks for JNI functions
對JNI函數執行檢查
16、-Xshare:off do not attempt to use shared class data
盡可能不去使用共享類的數據
17、-Xshare:auto use shared class data if possible (default)
盡可能的使用共享類的數據
18、-Xshare:on require using shared class data, otherwise fail.
盡可能的使用共享類的數據，否則運行失敗
The -X options are non-standard and subject to change without notice.