電話薄演算法源碼

1. 求助 weka 的ID3演算法java源碼

/*
*    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
*    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
*    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
*    (at your option) any later version.
*
*    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
*    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
*    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
*    GNU General Public License for more details.
*
*    You should have received a  of the GNU General Public License
*    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
*    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*/
/*
*    Id3.java
*    Copyright (C) 1999 University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
*
*/
package weka.classifiers.trees;
import weka.classifiers.Classifier;
import weka.classifiers.Sourcable;
import weka.core.Attribute;
import weka.core.Capabilities;
import weka.core.Instance;
import weka.core.Instances;
import weka.core.;
import weka.core.RevisionUtils;
import weka.core.TechnicalInformation;
import weka.core.TechnicalInformationHandler;
import weka.core.Utils;
import weka.core.Capabilities.Capability;
import weka.core.TechnicalInformation.Field;
import weka.core.TechnicalInformation.Type;
import java.util.Enumeration;
/**
<!-- globalinfo-start -->
* Class for constructing an unpruned decision tree based on the ID3 algorithm. Can only deal with nominal attributes. No missing values allowed. Empty leaves may result in unclassified instances. For more information see: <br/>
* <br/>
* R. Quinlan (1986). Inction of decision trees. Machine Learning. 1(1):81-106.
* <p/>
<!-- globalinfo-end -->
*
<!-- technical-bibtex-start -->
* BibTeX:
* <pre>
* &#64;article{Quinlan1986,
*    author = {R. Quinlan},
*    journal = {Machine Learning},
*    number = {1},
*    pages = {81-106},
*    title = {Inction of decision trees},
*    volume = {1},
*    year = {1986}
* }
* </pre>
* <p/>
<!-- technical-bibtex-end -->
*
<!-- options-start -->
* Valid options are: <p/>
*
* <pre> -D
*  If set, classifier is run in debug mode and
*  may output additional info to the console</pre>
*
<!-- options-end -->
*
* @author Eibe Frank ([email protected])
* @version $Revision: 6404 $
*/
public class Id3
extends Classifier
implements TechnicalInformationHandler, Sourcable {
/** for serialization */
static final long serialVersionUID = -2693678647096322561L;
/** The node's successors. */
private Id3[] m_Successors;
/** Attribute used for splitting. */
private Attribute m_Attribute;
/** Class value if node is leaf. */
private double m_ClassValue;
/** Class distribution if node is leaf. */
private double[] m_Distribution;
/** Class attribute of dataset. */
private Attribute m_ClassAttribute;
/**
* Returns a string describing the classifier.
* @return a description suitable for the GUI.
*/
public String globalInfo() {
return  "Class for constructing an unpruned decision tree based on the ID3 "
+ "algorithm. Can only deal with nominal attributes. No missing values "
+ "allowed. Empty leaves may result in unclassified instances. For more "
+ "information see: 

"
+ getTechnicalInformation().toString();
}
/**
* Returns an instance of a TechnicalInformation object, containing
* detailed information about the technical background of this class,
* e.g., paper reference or book this class is based on.
*
* @return the technical information about this class
*/
public TechnicalInformation getTechnicalInformation() {
TechnicalInformation    result;
result = new TechnicalInformation(Type.ARTICLE);
result.setValue(Field.AUTHOR, "R. Quinlan");
result.setValue(Field.YEAR, "1986");
result.setValue(Field.TITLE, "Inction of decision trees");
result.setValue(Field.JOURNAL, "Machine Learning");
result.setValue(Field.VOLUME, "1");
result.setValue(Field.NUMBER, "1");
result.setValue(Field.PAGES, "81-106");
return result;
}
/**
* Returns default capabilities of the classifier.
*
* @return      the capabilities of this classifier
*/
public Capabilities getCapabilities() {
Capabilities result = super.getCapabilities();
result.disableAll();
// attributes
result.enable(Capability.NOMINAL_ATTRIBUTES);
// class
result.enable(Capability.NOMINAL_CLASS);
result.enable(Capability.MISSING_CLASS_VALUES);
// instances
result.setMinimumNumberInstances(0);
return result;
}
/**
* Builds Id3 decision tree classifier.
*
* @param data the training data
* @exception Exception if classifier can't be built successfully
*/
public void buildClassifier(Instances data) throws Exception {
// can classifier handle the data?
getCapabilities().testWithFail(data);
// remove instances with missing class
data = new Instances(data);
data.deleteWithMissingClass();
makeTree(data);
}
/**
* Method for building an Id3 tree.
*
* @param data the training data
* @exception Exception if decision tree can't be built successfully
*/
private void makeTree(Instances data) throws Exception {
// Check if no instances have reached this node.
if (data.numInstances() == 0) {
m_Attribute = null;
m_ClassValue = Instance.missingValue();
m_Distribution = new double[data.numClasses()];
return;
}
// Compute attribute with maximum information gain.
double[] infoGains = new double[data.numAttributes()];
Enumeration attEnum = data.enumerateAttributes();
while (attEnum.hasMoreElements()) {
Attribute att = (Attribute) attEnum.nextElement();
infoGains[att.index()] = computeInfoGain(data, att);
}
m_Attribute = data.attribute(Utils.maxIndex(infoGains));
// Make leaf if information gain is zero.
// Otherwise create successors.
if (Utils.eq(infoGains[m_Attribute.index()], 0)) {
m_Attribute = null;
m_Distribution = new double[data.numClasses()];
Enumeration instEnum = data.enumerateInstances();
while (instEnum.hasMoreElements()) {
Instance inst = (Instance) instEnum.nextElement();
m_Distribution[(int) inst.classValue()]++;
}
Utils.normalize(m_Distribution);
m_ClassValue = Utils.maxIndex(m_Distribution);
m_ClassAttribute = data.classAttribute();
} else {
Instances[] splitData = splitData(data, m_Attribute);
m_Successors = new Id3[m_Attribute.numValues()];
for (int j = 0; j < m_Attribute.numValues(); j++) {
m_Successors[j] = new Id3();
m_Successors[j].makeTree(splitData[j]);
}
}
}
/**
* Classifies a given test instance using the decision tree.
*
* @param instance the instance to be classified
* @return the classification
* @throws  if instance has missing values
*/
public double classifyInstance(Instance instance)
throws  {
if (instance.hasMissingValue()) {
throw new ("Id3: no missing values, "
+ "please.");
}
if (m_Attribute == null) {
return m_ClassValue;
} else {
return m_Successors[(int) instance.value(m_Attribute)].
classifyInstance(instance);
}
}
/**
* Computes class distribution for instance using decision tree.
*
* @param instance the instance for which distribution is to be computed
* @return the class distribution for the given instance
* @throws  if instance has missing values
*/
public double[] distributionForInstance(Instance instance)
throws  {
if (instance.hasMissingValue()) {
throw new ("Id3: no missing values, "
+ "please.");
}
if (m_Attribute == null) {
return m_Distribution;
} else {
return m_Successors[(int) instance.value(m_Attribute)].
distributionForInstance(instance);
}
}
/**
* Prints the decision tree using the private toString method from below.
*
* @return a textual description of the classifier
*/
public String toString() {
if ((m_Distribution == null) && (m_Successors == null)) {
return "Id3: No model built yet.";
}
return "Id3

" + toString(0);
}
/**
* Computes information gain for an attribute.
*
* @param data the data for which info gain is to be computed
* @param att the attribute
* @return the information gain for the given attribute and data
* @throws Exception if computation fails
*/
private double computeInfoGain(Instances data, Attribute att)
throws Exception {
double infoGain = computeEntropy(data);
Instances[] splitData = splitData(data, att);
for (int j = 0; j < att.numValues(); j++) {
if (splitData[j].numInstances() > 0) {
infoGain -= ((double) splitData[j].numInstances() /
(double) data.numInstances()) *
computeEntropy(splitData[j]);
}
}
return infoGain;
}
/**
* Computes the entropy of a dataset.
*
* @param data the data for which entropy is to be computed
* @return the entropy of the data's class distribution
* @throws Exception if computation fails
*/
private double computeEntropy(Instances data) throws Exception {
double [] classCounts = new double[data.numClasses()];
Enumeration instEnum = data.enumerateInstances();
while (instEnum.hasMoreElements()) {
Instance inst = (Instance) instEnum.nextElement();
classCounts[(int) inst.classValue()]++;
}
double entropy = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < data.numClasses(); j++) {
if (classCounts[j] > 0) {
entropy -= classCounts[j] * Utils.log2(classCounts[j]);
}
}
entropy /= (double) data.numInstances();
return entropy + Utils.log2(data.numInstances());
}
/**
* Splits a dataset according to the values of a nominal attribute.
*
* @param data the data which is to be split
* @param att the attribute to be used for splitting
* @return the sets of instances proced by the split
*/
private Instances[] splitData(Instances data, Attribute att) {
Instances[] splitData = new Instances[att.numValues()];
for (int j = 0; j < att.numValues(); j++) {
splitData[j] = new Instances(data, data.numInstances());
}
Enumeration instEnum = data.enumerateInstances();
while (instEnum.hasMoreElements()) {
Instance inst = (Instance) instEnum.nextElement();
splitData[(int) inst.value(att)].add(inst);
}
for (int i = 0; i < splitData.length; i++) {
splitData[i].compactify();
}
return splitData;
}
/**
* Outputs a tree at a certain level.
*
* @param level the level at which the tree is to be printed
* @return the tree as string at the given level
*/
private String toString(int level) {
StringBuffer text = new StringBuffer();
if (m_Attribute == null) {
if (Instance.isMissingValue(m_ClassValue)) {
text.append(": null");
} else {
text.append(": " + m_ClassAttribute.value((int) m_ClassValue));
}
} else {
for (int j = 0; j < m_Attribute.numValues(); j++) {
text.append("
");
for (int i = 0; i < level; i++) {
text.append("|  ");
}
text.append(m_Attribute.name() + " = " + m_Attribute.value(j));
text.append(m_Successors[j].toString(level + 1));
}
}
return text.toString();
}
/**
* Adds this tree recursively to the buffer.
*
* @param id          the unqiue id for the method
* @param buffer      the buffer to add the source code to
* @return            the last ID being used
* @throws Exception  if something goes wrong
*/
protected int toSource(int id, StringBuffer buffer) throws Exception {
int                 result;
int                 i;
int                 newID;
StringBuffer[]      subBuffers;
buffer.append("
");
buffer.append("  protected static double node" + id + "(Object[] i) {
");
// leaf?
if (m_Attribute == null) {
result = id;
if (Double.isNaN(m_ClassValue)) {
buffer.append("    return Double.NaN;");
} else {
buffer.append("    return " + m_ClassValue + ";");
}
if (m_ClassAttribute != null) {
buffer.append(" // " + m_ClassAttribute.value((int) m_ClassValue));
}
buffer.append("
");
buffer.append("  }
");
} else {
buffer.append("    checkMissing(i, " + m_Attribute.index() + ");

");
buffer.append("    // " + m_Attribute.name() + "
");
// subtree calls
subBuffers = new StringBuffer[m_Attribute.numValues()];
newID = id;
for (i = 0; i < m_Attribute.numValues(); i++) {
newID++;
buffer.append("    ");
if (i > 0) {
buffer.append("else ");
}
buffer.append("if (((String) i[" + m_Attribute.index()
+ "]).equals("" + m_Attribute.value(i) + ""))
");
buffer.append("      return node" + newID + "(i);
");
subBuffers[i] = new StringBuffer();
newID = m_Successors[i].toSource(newID, subBuffers[i]);
}
buffer.append("    else
");
buffer.append("      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Value '" + i["
+ m_Attribute.index() + "] + "' is not allowed!");
");
buffer.append("  }
");
// output subtree code
for (i = 0; i < m_Attribute.numValues(); i++) {
buffer.append(subBuffers[i].toString());
}
subBuffers = null;
result = newID;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Returns a string that describes the classifier as source. The
* classifier will be contained in a class with the given name (there may
* be auxiliary classes),
* and will contain a method with the signature:
* <pre><code>
* public static double classify(Object[] i);
* </code></pre>
* where the array <code>i</code> contains elements that are either
* Double, String, with missing values represented as null. The generated
* code is public domain and comes with no warranty. <br/>
* Note: works only if class attribute is the last attribute in the dataset.
*
* @param className the name that should be given to the source class.
* @return the object source described by a string
* @throws Exception if the source can't be computed
*/
public String toSource(String className) throws Exception {
StringBuffer        result;
int                 id;
result = new StringBuffer();
result.append("class " + className + " {
");
result.append("  private static void checkMissing(Object[] i, int index) {
");
result.append("    if (i[index] == null)
");
result.append("      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null values "
+ "are not allowed!");
");
result.append("  }

");
result.append("  public static double classify(Object[] i) {
");
id = 0;
result.append("    return node" + id + "(i);
");
result.append("  }
");
toSource(id, result);
result.append("}
");
return result.toString();
}
/**
* Returns the revision string.
*
* @return        the revision
*/
public String getRevision() {
return RevisionUtils.extract("$Revision: 6404 $");
}
/**
* Main method.
*
* @param args the options for the classifier
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
runClassifier(new Id3(), args);
}
}

2. 軟電話開發SIp軟電話源碼在哪有免費下載android軟電話,vc軟電話,sip協議

思思軟電話V2.0功能列表： 1、支持SIP協議。 2、支持錄音功能。 3、支持電話本功能。 4、支持通話記錄功能。 5、DTMF方式支持 RFC2833 或者 SIP INFO 6、語音編碼方式支持 G729a或者G711方式 7、支持 不加密、RC4加密、VOS加密三種加密方式。 8、支持顯余額功能。（目前支持SVSS、VOS顯余額，需要在伺服器上額外安裝局端程序） 9、支持最小化與來電彈屏。 10、支持windows xp,win2000,win2003,win vista,win7 11、支持綠色安裝版（也可製作安裝包）。 12、支持保存多條賬戶信息。 13、支持廣告彈窗功能。（需在伺服器安裝局端程序） 14、支持顯示網路質量狀態圖。 15、支持最快伺服器搜索功能。

請網路搜索思思軟電話就可以找到賣家了。

3. excel表格電話簿怎麼做 來個示例

准備工具/材料：裝有windows 10的電腦一台，Microsoft Office 家庭和學生版 2016 excel軟體。

excel表格電話簿做法如下：

1、首先，根據要設置的項目，選擇第一行中的單元格作為標題行。

4. 請大家使用c語言完成電話號碼查詢系統。 設有一個電話號碼薄,它

有虛的，原來的憲法的電話號碼的查詢的系統有設置一個電話號碼和QQ號碼不就可以完成了

5. c語言編寫一個程序，電話薄排序

修改後的程序
#include <stdio.h>
#define n 7
int main()
{
int i,j,ptr_2=0;
int a[n],*ptr_1;
ptr_1=&a[0];
printf("輸入%d個數：",n);
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("ok1\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n-i-1;j++)
{
if (*(ptr_1+j) < *(ptr_1+j+1))
{
ptr_2=*(ptr_1+j+1);
*(ptr_1+j+1)=*(ptr_1+j);
*(ptr_1+j)=ptr_2;
}
}
}
printf("排序後的數為： ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%d ",*ptr_1);
ptr_1++;
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
注意ptr_2是指針，未申請空間不能*ptr_2復值。