java使用內存
1. 怎麼獲取 java 程序使用的內存
首先
創建一個Bean用來存貯要得到的信
public class MonitorInfoBean {
/** 可使用內存. */
private long totalMemory;
/** 剩餘內存. */
private long freeMemory;
/** 最大可使用內存. */
private long maxMemory;
/** 操作系統. */
private String osName;
/** 總的物理內存. */
private long totalMemorySize;
/** 剩餘的物理內存. */
private long freePhysicalMemorySize;
/** 已使用的物理內存. */
private long usedMemory;
/** 線程總數. */
private int totalThread;
/** cpu使用率. */
private double cpuRatio;
public long getFreeMemory() {
return freeMemory;
}
public void setFreeMemory(long freeMemory) {
this.freeMemory = freeMemory;
}
public long getFreePhysicalMemorySize() {
return freePhysicalMemorySize;
}
public void setFreePhysicalMemorySize(long freePhysicalMemorySize) {
this.freePhysicalMemorySize = freePhysicalMemorySize;
}
public long getMaxMemory() {
return maxMemory;
}
public void setMaxMemory(long maxMemory) {
this.maxMemory = maxMemory;
}
public String getOsName() {
return osName;
}
public void setOsName(String osName) {
this.osName = osName;
}
public long getTotalMemory() {
return totalMemory;
}
public void setTotalMemory(long totalMemory) {
this.totalMemory = totalMemory;
}
public long getTotalMemorySize() {
return totalMemorySize;
}
public void setTotalMemorySize(long totalMemorySize) {
this.totalMemorySize = totalMemorySize;
}
public int getTotalThread() {
return totalThread;
}
public void setTotalThread(int totalThread) {
this.totalThread = totalThread;
}
public long getUsedMemory() {
return usedMemory;
}
public void setUsedMemory(long usedMemory) {
this.usedMemory = usedMemory;
}
public double getCpuRatio() {
return cpuRatio;
}
public void setCpuRatio(double cpuRatio) {
this.cpuRatio = cpuRatio;
}
}
之後，建立bean的介面
public interface IMonitorService {
public MonitorInfoBean getMonitorInfoBean() throws Exception;
}
然後，就是最關鍵的，得到cpu的利用率，已用內存，可用內存，最大內存等信息。
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.LineNumberReader;
import sun.management.ManagementFactory;
import com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
/**
* 獲取系統信息的業務邏輯實現類.
* @author GuoHuang
*/
public class MonitorServiceImpl implements IMonitorService {
private static final int CPUTIME = 30;
private static final int PERCENT = 100;
private static final int FAULTLENGTH = 10;
private static final File versionFile = new File("/proc/version");
private static String linuxVersion = null;
/**
* 獲得當前的監控對象.
* @return 返回構造好的監控對象
* @throws Exception
* @author GuoHuang
*/
public MonitorInfoBean getMonitorInfoBean() throws Exception {
int kb = 1024;
// 可使用內存
long totalMemory = Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() / kb;
// 剩餘內存
long freeMemory = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() / kb;
// 最大可使用內存
long maxMemory = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / kb;
OperatingSystemMXBean osmxb = (OperatingSystemMXBean) ManagementFactory
.getOperatingSystemMXBean();
// 操作系統
String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
// 總的物理內存
long totalMemorySize = osmxb.getTotalPhysicalMemorySize() / kb;
// 剩餘的物理內存
long freePhysicalMemorySize = osmxb.getFreePhysicalMemorySize() / kb;
// 已使用的物理內存
long usedMemory = (osmxb.getTotalPhysicalMemorySize() - osmxb
.getFreePhysicalMemorySize())
/ kb;
// 獲得線程總數
ThreadGroup parentThread;
for (parentThread = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); parentThread
.getParent() != null; parentThread = parentThread.getParent())
;
int totalThread = parentThread.activeCount();
double cpuRatio = 0;
if (osName.toLowerCase().startsWith("windows")) {
cpuRatio = this.getCpuRatioForWindows();
}
else {
cpuRatio = this.getCpuRateForLinux();
}
// 構造返回對象
MonitorInfoBean infoBean = new MonitorInfoBean();
infoBean.setFreeMemory(freeMemory);
infoBean.setFreePhysicalMemorySize(freePhysicalMemorySize);
infoBean.setMaxMemory(maxMemory);
infoBean.setOsName(osName);
infoBean.setTotalMemory(totalMemory);
infoBean.setTotalMemorySize(totalMemorySize);
infoBean.setTotalThread(totalThread);
infoBean.setUsedMemory(usedMemory);
infoBean.setCpuRatio(cpuRatio);
return infoBean;
}
private static double getCpuRateForLinux(){
InputStream is = null;
InputStreamReader isr = null;
BufferedReader brStat = null;
StringTokenizer tokenStat = null;
try{
System.out.println("Get usage rate of CUP , linux version: "+linuxVersion);
Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("top -b -n 1");
is = process.getInputStream();
isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
brStat = new BufferedReader(isr);
if(linuxVersion.equals("2.4")){
brStat.readLine();
brStat.readLine();
brStat.readLine();
brStat.readLine();
tokenStat = new StringTokenizer(brStat.readLine());
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
String user = tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
String system = tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
String nice = tokenStat.nextToken();
System.out.println(user+" , "+system+" , "+nice);
user = user.substring(0,user.indexOf("%"));
system = system.substring(0,system.indexOf("%"));
nice = nice.substring(0,nice.indexOf("%"));
float userUsage = new Float(user).floatValue();
float systemUsage = new Float(system).floatValue();
float niceUsage = new Float(nice).floatValue();
return (userUsage+systemUsage+niceUsage)/100;
}else{
brStat.readLine();
brStat.readLine();
tokenStat = new StringTokenizer(brStat.readLine());
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
tokenStat.nextToken();
String cpuUsage = tokenStat.nextToken();
System.out.println("CPU idle : "+cpuUsage);
Float usage = new Float(cpuUsage.substring(0,cpuUsage.indexOf("%")));
return (1-usage.floatValue()/100);
}
} catch(IOException ioe){
System.out.println(ioe.getMessage());
freeResource(is, isr, brStat);
return 1;
} finally{
freeResource(is, isr, brStat);
}
}
2. 一個Java對象到底佔用多大內存
Object o=new Object():
在java中空對象佔八個位元組，對象的引用佔四個位元組。所以上面那條語句所佔的空間是4byte+8byte=12byte.java中的內存是以8的倍數來分配的，所以分配的內存是16byte.
舉個例子：
Class O{
int i;
byte j;
String s;
}
其所佔內存的大小是空對象（8）+int(4)+byte(1)+String引用(4)=17byte,因要是8的整數倍，所以其佔大小為24byte.
當然，如果類里有其他對象的話，也要把其他對象的空間算進去
3. 為什麼java使用的內存比c/c++多那麼多
Java在啟動時就會把用到的內存向操作系統一起申請完。在執行過程中不再需要向操作系統要內存。內存的管理全部由JVM來做。
C++則不一樣，它是用的時候就申請內存，不用了就釋放內存。
其實這個是歷史造成的。
C/C++出現時， 內存很金貴，省著用， 甚至一個位元組，一位一位的摳。
java出現的時候， 硬體不算瓶頸了， 對內存就沒那麼苛刻了。
4. 如何計算一個Java程序運行佔用多少內存
可以用 system(命令) 調用 DOS/Windows 命令 獲取 正在使用多少 內存 （memory).
命令例子：
wmic process where name="cmd.exe" get WorkingSetSize
這里 "cmd.exe" 你可替換成 你的程序 名字。
你也可以用你的程序 進程 PID 號數 調用， 命令是：
wmic process where processid=6884 get WorkingSetSize
這里6884你可替換成 你的程序 進程 PID。
輸出有2行，第二行是佔用內存位元組數：
WorkingSetSize
4616192
c/c++ 語言 ：
system("wmic process where processid=6884 get WorkingSetSize");
system("wmic process where name=\"cmd.exe\" get WorkingSetSize");
用程序名調用時，若有多個同名程序在運行，輸出的 內存數 將分行輸出出來。